Acute sinusitis: symptoms, treatment and microbiology

Sinusitis - an infection of one of the pairs of sinuses - maxillary or maxillary. In addition, there are the frontal and paranasal sinuses wedge, and a trellised labyrinth, which also applies in the sinuses. Maxillary sinus - is the largest of the sinuses. Sinusitis is the most common type of sinusitis.

Symptoms

The main symptoms of acute sinusitis Acute sinusitis: symptoms - can manifest itself as a disease   They are:

• Headache;
• Toothache and jaw pain;
• Pain and crushed in some parts of the face;
• Increased pain when pressure in the upper jaw;
• Swelling of the face;
• Nasal congestion from mild to severe;
• Bad breath;
• Numbness in the upper jaw, premolars and molars;
• Postnasal leaking.

Acute sinusitis is often accompanied by high fever, cough, runny nose and other symptoms typical of a cold or flu. Typically, symptoms dramatically, and there are very intense.

Microbiology

The main pathogens are facultative anaerobic and aerobic bacteria. Facultative anaerobes depend on the fermentation process, which provides them with the necessary growth energy when not enough oxygen; when oxygen is present in sufficient amount, they use it.

The most common cause of acute sinusitis: Enterobacteriaceae, E. coli, Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pneumoniae.

Sinusitis caused by bacteria Moraxella catarrhalis, is more common in children than in adults.

Treatment

Symptoms of acute sinusitis can last up to four weeks, subacute - up to twelve weeks. However, the timely and proper treatment the healing process can be accelerated considerably. For the treatment can be used intranasal corticosteroids, nasal lavage, painkillers and mucolytics. Eliminate pathogens of bacterial sinusitis is possible only with the help of antibiotics. For the treatment of acute sinusitis Acute sinusitis: treatment - an effective method of choice Caused by Haemophilus influenzae, pneumococcus, or Moraxella catarrhalis, can be assigned to macrolide antibiotics.

Antibiotics for acute maxillary sinusitis

Sinusitis - one of the most common reasons for seeking medical attention among patients of different age groups. For the treatment of sinusitis most commonly used decongestants, steroid drops or sprays, mucolytic agents, antihistamines and antibiotics. In most cases, sinusitis is caused by the same virus that causes the common cold, and antibiotics to treat it is not used. Approximately 1-2 out of 100 patients with sinusitis is a disease caused by bacteria. Unfortunately, the external signs to distinguish viral from bacterial sinusitis is impossible; for diagnosis necessary laboratory tests. It is important that antibiotics are not administered without the need - this will reduce the incidence of antibiotic resistance (resistance of bacteria to the effects of drugs that should kill them).

To better understand the effectiveness of antibiotics in the treatment of bacterial sinusitis, the researchers analyzed the results of 59 studies in which antibiotics are used for the treatment of acute uncomplicated sinusitis in people with healthy immune systems. Within six of these studies (which involved a total of 747 subjects) were compared with placebo antibiotics Placebo - an effective tool for self-hypnosis . It was found that most patients improved significantly within two weeks, regardless of whether they took antibiotics or not. However, taking antibiotics tested recovery occurred slightly faster than those who took a placebo. During the remaining 53 studies compared the effects of various antibiotics, but none of them showed no significant advantage over others.

Speaking of slight acceleration of the healing process, which provide antibiotics need to mention the side effects of these drugs. The most common of these are skin rashes and various problems with the gastrointestinal tract, such as diarrhea, abdominal pain Abdominal pain: Types and Symptoms   and vomiting. Furthermore, there is a risk of development of antibiotic resistance in the future can complicate treatment of more serious disease than sinusitis.

How to treat sinusitis

The most common symptoms of sinusitis - a runny nose, fever, pain and a feeling of pressure in the cheeks. Sinusitis is often preceded by the common cold or flu. Some patients with sinusitis, complain of severe throbbing pain, the focus of which is located between the cheekbones and jaws. Also sinusitis often causes headaches.

The first signs of sinusitis Symptoms of sinusitis: What should I look for   can be suddenly appeared bad breath Breath (halitosis) - is sometimes useful to close the mouth , Sore throat, swelling around the eyes and fatigue. Accumulate in the maxillary sinus pus causes irritation, resulting in getting a cough, runny nose and nasal congestion. These symptoms persist for several days and then usually tested gradually, even without treatment.

Common Causes of sinusitis

In most cases, viruses are the causative agents of sinusitis; He often accompanies the common cold and influenza. Several less sinusitis causes lie in the mouth - often in such cases, the infection is complicated by sinus infections teeth or gums. Another fairly common cause of sinusitis is incomplete treatment of various types of sinusitis. For example, very often the patient stops taking antibiotics, which he was given for the treatment of bacterial sinusitis as soon as his condition improves. However, in the maxillary sinuses are still bacteria, which continue to proliferate, and are likely to cause a new infection. Moreover, it is possible that this time the same antibiotic will not help because the bacteria could develop resistance to it.

The curvature of the new partition. The nasal septum is between the two nostrils, and normally it is located right in the middle, forming two symmetrical nasal passage. Minor deviated septum occurs in many people, but only in some it causes obstruction of the nasal passages, which is why there are frequent sinus infections, and other problems.

Enlarged turbinates may also lead to obstruction of the sinuses, the violation of their drainage and, consequently, to the part of the development of sinusitis and other illnesses.

Treatment

Despite the fact that in most cases sinusitis passes without any treatment, the appearance of the symptoms it is still recommended to consult a specialist. If it is bacterial sinusitis, the doctor will prescribe antibiotics, which usually must be taken within ten days. If sinusitis is the causative agent of the virus, it will be enough medicine to facilitate the symptoms of the disease. For example, it is recommended to take decongestants, eliminating nasal congestion, and mucolytics. To ease the pain, take non-prescription pain relievers. In addition, if possible in the first couple of days should, if possible, stay home and minimize physical activity.

Pain, feeling of pressure, sensitivity and other unpleasant sensations, the source of which is approximately at the cheekbones, can be signs of infection of the maxillary (or maxillary) sinuses, that is - sinusitis. Annual suffering from the disease between 10 and 15 million people worldwide, and is often combined with inflammation of the nasal passages. Fortunately, in most cases, sinusitis treated quickly and easily.

Severe infection

Sinusitis, accompanied by pronounced symptoms, causing severe malaise can be caused by bacteria, and its treatment requires antibiotics. People suffering from chronic sinusitis Chronic sinusitis - the effect on health Sometimes prescribe a long course of antibiotics in small doses. As a last resort when other means do not help, it can be assigned to a surgical procedure to remove infection or improve the drainage of the maxillary sinus.

Inhalation

Inhalation promote the separation of mucus, and help you feel better rather quickly. You can simply take a hot shower, trying to breathe as deeply as possible, or make the traditional inhalation, leaning over a bowl of hot water, and covering his head with a towel. In any case, the need for effective treatment inhale hot steam for 10-15 minutes once or twice a day.

Warm compresses

Apply to cheeks towel soaked with hot water. This will ease the pain in the maxillary sinus, and improve their drainage.

Expectorants

Using pharmacy expectorants such as guaifenesin, stimulates thinning mucus and improves the drainage of the sinuses,

Humidifiers

Humidification is not only alleviates the symptoms of sinusitis Sinusitis - symptoms of inflammation in the maxillary sinus But also improves the functioning of the upper respiratory tract in general, especially -zimoy. Put humidifiers near the bed in the room where you spend the most time during the day.

Brine nose

This is an inexpensive and effective means of allowing direct moisturize nasal passages and relieve the symptoms of many infections, including - sinusitis. Use brine twice daily.