If sinusitis in children most often develop on the background of throat infections, in adults is a common cause of sinusitis is dental disease. This is called odontogenic sinusitis, and is often accompanied by a toothache. In the treatment of this disease has its own characteristics, so it is crucial to make the correct diagnosis.

Why adults often develop odontogenic sinusitis

Odontogenic sinusitis in adults is approximately a quarter of all sinusitis. This rather high incidence is due to anatomical proximity of the bottom of the maxillary sinus and the tops of the roots of the teeth of the upper jaw. The roots of some upper teeth (the second small indigenous, the first and second large molars) are separated from the bottom of the maxillary sinus is only a thin layer of bone.

Sometimes the bottom of the maxillary sinus is bordered to the third great indigenous and first small indigenous tooth and even with fangs - it could be individual to individual. In this case, the roots of the teeth may extend into the maxillary sinus, and separated from them only by the periosteum and the mucosa. Inflammatory processes in the tops of these roots can easily migrate to the mucosa of the maxillary sinus.

A break of pus in the maxillary sinus can occur with festering tooth of the upper jaw cysts. The source of infection may be inflammation around the impacted (not erupted because of various obstacles), and the remains of the roots of decayed teeth. Sometimes sinusitis developed perforation (breakage) of the bottom of the maxillary sinus in removing the tooth, and the tooth may be partially or completely pushed into the maxillary sinus.

Thus, odontogenic sinusitis can be without breaking the bottom of the maxillary sinus and the violation (perforated sinusitis).

Symptoms of sinusitis odontogenic

Signs of odontogenic sinusitis Odontogenic sinusitis - as a sinus infection occurs   without informing the maxillary sinus with the oral cavity is almost no different from the usual symptoms of sinusitis. There are high fever, chills, malaise, headache and facial pain in the region of the maxillary sinuses. But in addition to the characteristic symptoms of sinusitis Sinusitis - symptoms of inflammation in the maxillary sinus   may receive severe toothache, which often leads to removal of the tooth even when it is not needed.

When perforated odontogenic sinusitis formed links between oral, maxillary sinus and nasal cavity and liquid food in the normal position of the head flows out of their nose. The process is enhanced by tilting the head forward and stops when tilting it back.

After some time, these symptoms are joined sinusitis symptoms - high fever, headache, and swelling of the face in the projection of inflammation, abundant purulent discharge from the nose and from the mouth and so on.

The diagnosis is made by questioning and examination of the patient (held instrumental examination with the help of special mirror-expanders - rhinoscopy), perforated sinusitis identified using a special probe. In addition, a radiography of maxillary sinuses.

Symptoms of chronic sinusitis in adults

Chronic sinusitis in adults develops against the background of acute sinusitis nedolechennaya Acute sinusitis - occurs as the inflammatory process   any origin (for dental diseases, bacterial or viral infections, after injuries, operations and so forth). The reason for the transition of acute to chronic process may also be the anatomical features of the structure of the nose, or the expansion of the tissue inside the nasal cavity, preventing the outflow of fluid from the inflammatory sinuses. No less important is the decline in immunity that occurs in adults against various chronic diseases, or in old age.

Chronic sinusitis is prolonged, and the exacerbation are replaced by remissions, and then after some time again developed worsening. Frequency and duration of exacerbations depends on the overall condition of the body, the immune system and the presence of obstacles to the outflow of secretions from the maxillary sinus.

Exacerbation of chronic sinusitis Chronic sinusitis - the effect on health   less severe than acute sinusitis. The temperature can rise to average figures, and may remain normal. There are severe headaches, worse in the evening and in the horizontal position, nasal congestion, mucus, fluid (serous) or purulent nasal secretions appear sometimes streaks of blood. Nasal discharge may have an unpleasant odor that patients themselves may not notice. Often in the maxillary sinus and nasal polyps are formed. Always fully or partially impaired sense of smell.

Sinusitis adults require inspection and proper, adequate treatment.

Galina Romanenko

Tonsillitis - an inflammation in the small glands located at the back of the throat (tonsils). Tonsillitis is most common in children between the ages of five to fifteen years, but can occur in people of any age. What are the symptoms of tonsillitis? Inflammation can be caused by both bacterial and viral infections, although viral infections are more common.

Tonsils are not yet fully understood, but it is thought that they act as a protection against infections in children with developing immune systems. Tonsils isolate the infection, not allowing it to penetrate further into the body. With the maturation of the immune system, the amygdala lose their ability to perform this function, which is why tonsillitis is more common in children.

Symptoms of tonsillitis in adults

The main symptom of tonsillitis is a sore throat, but since the throat and ears have common nerve pain is often felt in the ears. Usually the pain increases with swallowing.

Other symptoms of tonsillitis include:

• Heat
• General malaise
• Headache
• Vomiting

Symptoms of tonsillitis in children Tonsillitis in children - therapeutic measures :

• A sore throat
• Red, swollen tonsils
• Fever or chills
• Weakness
• Swollen lymph nodes
• White or yellow pus spots on the tonsils
• Ear pain or neck (small children at the same time pulling yourself by the ears)
• Headache
• Cough
• Heavy breathing
• Difficulty swallowing (the child may refuse to eat)
• Vomiting

Causes of tonsillitis

There are three main causes of tonsillitis:

• Group A streptococcus, common bacteria that cause throat infections in 1 in 5 people, including adults. Many people have no symptoms, but they nevertheless may be carriers of bacteria. Group A streptococci can also cause a sore throat Angina - is it worth it to carry "on their feet"? . Under certain conditions they can also cause more serious diseases such as rheumatic fever.
• Various respiratory viruses, especially cold and flu viruses, in most cases, the cause of tonsillitis. These infections can sometimes proceed more gently than bacterial infections, but it is often difficult to distinguish bacterial from viral infection.
• Infectious mononucleosis caused by the Epstein-Barr virus, can also cause symptoms of tonsillitis, especially in children.

Possible complications

Typically, bacterial and viral tonsillitis pass in a few days, but if the cause is mononucleosis, it may take several weeks. Because of the potential complications associated with bacterial tonsillitis, doctors usually prescribe antibiotics. One of the complications, rheumatic fever is often found, until the doctor started to treat bacterial tonsillitis with antibiotics. Group A streptococci can be distributed in the body and vital organs, especially the heart. It can cause irreversible damage, and a few years later lead to heart disease Heart disease: prevention and prevention . This issue is still relevant in many countries.

Another possible complication of bacterial tonsillitis - a peritonsillar abscess Abscess - why it is so dangerous ulcers?   (angina). This happens when the collection of bacteria covered by the newly grown tissue. Abscess is not in the amygdala and from one side thereof. Unlike simple tonsillitis, sore throat is usually felt only on one side of the throat, and the people it is often tilted his head to one side to ease the pain. Angina is one of about 3,000 people each year, and is more common in young adults who have had tonsillitis.

Epstein-Barr virus, for example, often calls the tiny red spots on the soft palate because of the small internal bleeding. Bacteria can leave the thin white film on the tonsils themselves that are easy to peel off.

None of these symptoms, however, on its own is not reliable enough to diagnose the cause of tonsillitis, so need a swab from the throat. Traditionally such swabs are sent to the crop, to see what bacteria are present there, but there are rapid tests, which can provide a result within a few minutes or hours.

Detection of group A streptococci on the tonsils does not prove that they cause inflammation, because so many people are their bearers without experiencing symptoms. A person can be healthy as a carrier of group A streptococci, but ill with tonsillitis due to a virus.

To diagnose mononucleosis usually need a blood test.

Diagnosis of tonsillitis

Open your mouth and say "ahhh" at this time, you can see the tonsils at the back of the throat, their apparent redness and inflammation.

Treatment and prevention of tonsillitis

If you have tonsillitis, you should rest and drink plenty of fluids. You can take atsetominafen (paracetamol) or ibuprofen to relieve the symptoms. Aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid) should not be given to children with viral infections, as this can cause Reye's syndrome, a very dangerous condition that affects many organs, including the brain and liver.

Typically, doctors do not prescribe antibiotics, while the analysis does not show that the cause of the infection is caused by bacteria. However, those who have seen 3 of 4 of the following symptoms are usually prescribed antibiotics before the test results: fever, discharge from the tonsil, absence of cough and soft lymph nodes.

In children, the disease is rarely become chronic or repeated. When the child has repeated tonsillitis, family members can check out whether they are asymptomatic carriers of streptococcus group A. If this is the case, they may prescribe antibiotics to make sure the whole family is not streptococci, and to protect the child from re-infection.

If the child does not respond to antibiotics, you may need tonsillectomy (surgery to remove the tonsils).

Angina is usually treated with antibiotics and removal of the purulent discharge.