Circumcision - this is the surgical removal of the foreskin covering the glans penis. It is an ancient practice that has its roots in religious rituals, but common today. Many parents of newborn boys are circumcised for religious reasons, as a tribute to the family tradition, or for reasons of hygiene. Circumcision of boys in a more adult subject to certain difficulties and is performed under general anesthesia. After cutting to restore the original appearance of the penis is not possible.

Why do circumcision

Circumcision - religious and cultural ritual for many Jewish and Muslim families; it is also practiced by some indigenous tribes in Africa and Australia. Sometimes circumcision is made for medical reasons, such as when the foreskin is too taut and does not cover the head of the penis. In other cases, especially in Africa, where a very high incidence of AIDS and STDs, circumcision is recommended for older boys or men, to reduce the risk of sexually transmitted infections by.

Currently, the American Academy of Pediatrics does not recommend circumcision to all newborn boys because not enough evidence to support the benefits of this operation. The procedure may be recommended in an older age for the treatment of phimosis (narrowing of the opening of the foreskin) or infection of the penis. Parents should discuss with your doctor the benefits and risks of the procedure before making a decision to circumcise his son. In addition, US pediatricians recommend circumcision is under anesthesia, even in infants.

Some evidence supports the benefits of circumcision for health, namely:

• maintaining the cleanliness of the glans penis (circumcision facilitates cleaning the penis);
• reduced risk of urinary tract infection (the circumcision of men reduces the risk of urinary tract infections, severe infections at an early age can lead to kidney disease in the future);
• prevention of phimosis Phimosis - whether to go to extremes?   (narrowing of the opening of the foreskin) and paraphimosis (infringement of the glans penis);
• reduced risk of sexually transmitted diseases (sex should be protected in any case, but circumcised men have a lower risk of contracting certain infections, sexually transmitted infections, including HIV, the virus that causes AIDS);
• protection from penile cancer and a lower risk of cervical cancer in women;
• Prevention of balanitis (inflammation of the glans) and balanoposthitis (inflammation of the glans and foreskin).

Circumcision is contraindicated with certain clotting disorders and pathologies of the anatomical structure of the penis. In addition, circumcision is not recommended in premature boys who for livelihoods require medical attention. Circumcision does not affect the reproductive function of men, and does not strengthen and not weaken the sexual pleasure of men or their partners.

The risks of circumcision

Circumcision, like any other surgical procedure, involve certain risks, including:

• pain;
• bleeding and infection in the area of ​​circumcision;
• inflammation of the glans;
• increased risk of meatitom (inflammation in the meatus);
• damage to the penis;
• non-standard reaction to anesthesia, particularly general.

How to prepare for the circumcision

Before the procedure, the doctor will explain the risks and benefits of circumcision. In most cases, the patient signs a consent form and waiver.

... During the procedure

Circumcision in infants is performed in the hospital or a children's hospital, as a rule, within 10 days after birth.

The newborn is placed on a hard surface, which is called the cradle of Indian. The arms and legs of the child are fixed with special Velcro to hold it still during the procedure, and then his penis cleaned and put on him a local anesthetic. Local anesthetics include blockade ring nerve blockade nerves of the penis, creamy eutectic mixture of local anesthetics. At the head of the penis is attached, or a sterile clamp device (plastic ring) for trimming. Thereafter, the foreskin was removed using a sterile scalpel or scissors is applied to a petrolatum, and loosely wrapped bandage. This procedure takes from five to 10 minutes.

The procedure is the same for the older boys and adults, but may need a general anesthetic and additional measures to prevent excessive bleeding or stitches on the surface.

... After the procedure

For the healing of the penis usually requires between seven to ten days. We should expect pain in the head of the penis, and yellowish mucous discharge Mucus - what is the norm for a healthy woman   or peel. Minor bleeding is also normal in the early days.

When does the anesthesia, newborn baby becomes restless and need to keep it carefully to avoid pressure on the penis. Boys or adults doctor may recommend a nonprescription pain reliever.

After the procedure, the penis can and must be washed. Newborns should be changed each time you change the bandage diapers and lubricate the head of the penis with petroleum jelly Vaseline: old friend So it will not adhere to the diaper. The diaper should not squeeze or fit too tightly. Once the penis is healed, wash it with soap and water while swimming.

Complications from circumcision are rare. Consult your doctor if:

• Normal urine is not resumed within 12 hours after circumcision Circumcision - religion against science ;
• The head of the penis, or bleeding heavily blushed;
• Observed foul-smelling discharge from the head of the penis or on the sores were filled with liquid.

The fact that women with far more trepidation relate to their appearance - a well-known fact: women - the main client of Plastic Surgeons, and can improve the appearance and eliminate some of the obvious signs of aging. However, although men about their appearance or aging worry much less and less, and the representatives of the stronger sex more often turn to plastic surgeons: plastic surgery for men - a set of purely "male" procedures to help improve a man's appearance.

"Cosmetic" surgery

The main complex plastic surgeries are the most popular not only among women but also among men - a plastic surgery, one way or another affect the appearance, that is, allowing a correct some of the shortcomings of appearance (for example, a crooked nose or too thin lips), or eliminate the characteristic signs of aging. However, plastic surgery for men and provides a number of specific, purely "male" operations - for example, women are unlikely to ever need surgery abdominoplasty Abdominoplasty - whether to give your stomach into the power of the surgeon?   (Tummy Tucks) with simultaneous formation of "cubes" of the press. The most popular types of plastic surgery for men include the following plastic surgery:

• Rhinoplasty (correction of the form of nose)
• Mentoplasty (correction of the form of the chin, in some cases - placing special implants that allow to model the speaker, "masculine" chin)
• Plastic surgery (designed for modeling volume, embossed pectoral muscles, as well as for the treatment of certain specific diseases such as gynecomastia)
• Abdominoplasty (Tummy Tucks, in some cases - with the simultaneous formation of the speakers "cubes" press)
• Blepharoplasty (correction of age-related changes of the upper and lower eyelids)
• Plastic and buttocks (correction of the form, reducing or increasing the size of the buttocks by placing special implants)

One of the most popular and specific, "male" operations is the breast surgery Breast plastic surgery: to perfect? Intended for forming the bulk of the relief muscles of the chest, and to correct some of the shortcomings of appearance (sunken chest, the proliferation of mammary glands at such disease as gynecomastia). Breast plastic surgery involves several steps: performing incisions in the armpits, placement under the pectoralis major muscle, pectoral implants special to create surround the relief of chest muscles, and finally stitching the incision made earlier. The duration of the operation in this case is an average of one to two hours. When gynecomastia Gynecomastia - known since ancient times   performed a mastectomy or liposuction - it is an immediate removal of the adipose tissue with the subsequent formation of the normal relief of chest muscles.

Correction of age-related changes

Although representatives of the stronger sex to age-related changes, gradually appear on the skin, are much quieter women, all kinds of plastic surgery to obviate the obvious signs of aging such as wrinkles, swollen eyelids or pendulous cheeks, men are increasingly popular .  And the most popular of these operations is clearly a rhytidectomy or facelift .  This type of plastic surgery for men can eliminate most of the age-related changes - to tighten the skin and soft tissue, smooth wrinkles, get rid of the "second" chin that for older men is characterized by no less than for women .  Running facelift is quite simple: a plastic surgeon performs a long incision, then gently separate the skin from the underlying soft tissues beneath it and pulls it with simultaneous excision of excess skin .  Then sutured incision, and due to the location in the scalp, virtually invisible after surgery .  Facelift preserves youthful appearance by an average of ten to fifteen years, although, of course, this resistance results of plastic surgery depends largely on the condition of the skin, age, and male facial features of the anatomical structure .