Today there is hardly a drugstore or pharmacy, where no sale of a home pregnancy test. These tests are simple and easy to use and allow you to diagnose pregnancy from the first day of a missed period, and sometimes up to the delay. Companies - manufacturers of rapid tests so many, the price of the tests vary, but the method for determining the pregnancy and the same is simple, there is only a small difference in the instructions.

The essence of the method for determining pregnancy rapid test

The method is based on determining the presence in the organism of human chorionic hormone (HCG), which in healthy women is produced only during pregnancy. HCG is produced by the placenta and can be detected in the urine even when the two-week pregnancy, which usually corresponds to the first day of delay or 2-3 days before the expected menstruation.

Rules of the pregnancy test

For more accurate results you must follow a few rules for the pregnancy test:

• test is best done in the morning, having collected a small amount of urine immediately after awakening (morning urine is more concentrated amount of hCG in it increased, which will give more reliable results);
• if the test is necessary to carry out at other times, it is better not to get involved with liquid so as not to "dilute" the urine and reduce the concentration of hCG;
• for the test quite a bit of urine, about 20-30 milliliters;
• urine should be at room temperature (do not freeze, do not keep in a cool place);
• in any case it is impossible to shake and shake the urine;
• test falls in urine up to a level marked on the test strip and measured for 5-10 minutes after removal;
• utensils for urine collection should be clean.

Pros test

Advantages of home pregnancy tests sometimes justify their overpriced:

• complete anonymity;
• Ease of use;
• accuracy of the pregnancy reaches 95-100%;
• early diagnosis of pregnancy.

Disadvantages of home tests

Like any other method for determining pregnancy, rapid tests are not without drawbacks:

• pregnancy has not yet been confirmed by the fact that pregnancy is "correct", ie masterbatch;
• pregnancy tests can give false results;
• across low-quality tests (with expiry date) or expensive.

Cases in which the test will show a false result

It happens that the test gives false-negative or false positive result. This is affected by several factors:

• failure to comply with the rules of the test;
• violation of storage of the test;
• The test too early (the day after sexual intercourse);
• dysfunctional disorders of the ovaries;
• the threat of termination of pregnancy (reduction of hCG in the body);
• 1-2 months after birth (hCG yet completely disintegrated in the body);
• a tumor in which there is a synthesis of hCG (or molar pregnancy horionkartsinoma).

Interpretation of test results

During the test, it is important to correctly interpret the results, as it affects the future behavior of women:

• the test is positive if after the test strip shows two pink (red) line (with a small delay in the second strip appear weak);
• test is negative if there is one line (then it is recommended to repeat the test in 2-3 days);
• If there are no lines at all, it means that the test was of poor quality, and better to buy a new another firm.

In the case of a positive test should not delay the visit to the gynecologist, who will confirm the pregnancy and prescribe the necessary examination. You should not throw away used test better grab it with the antenatal clinic and see a doctor.

What to look for when buying a test

Not all tests are as good as their praise, so when purchasing, make sure:

• packaging integrity;
• the current expiry date;
• the test is that the company that you used last time, and he did not disappoint you;
• available explanatory instructions on the packaging test.

Do not neglect the conduct of the test at home, in some cases, carried out early in the test will help to avoid possible problems during pregnancy or menstruation delays.

Anna Sozinova

The first signs of pregnancy appear in their timeline. We can not say that all women are certain signs of pregnancy appear at the same time, but in general their appearance corresponds to certain terms. If you know in advance the first signs of pregnancy The first signs of pregnancy to delay: Eyes on intuition? Then I doubt whether the pregnancy occurred, will not.

What happens in a woman's body immediately after fertilization

Immediately after the egg is fertilized in a woman under the influence of the central nervous and endocrine systems, there are numerous complex changes that contribute to the maintenance of pregnancy and normal development of the fetus.

First pregnancy responds central nervous system (CNS). In order to reduce the excitability of the receptors of the uterus and prevent it from muscle contraction, which is able to cause the expulsion of the fertilized egg from the uterus, it decreases the excitability of the total, which causes a pregnant woman drowsiness and fatigue. Under the influence of the nervous system in women varies work of the senses, such as taste and smell.

Profound changes are taking place in the endocrine system. The main hormone of the first month of pregnancy is progesterone Progesterone - norm and pathology That is allocated by the corpus luteum of the ovary (a temporary endocrine gland formed on the spot ruptured follicle from which came out mature egg). To stimulate its production starting another pregnancy hormone - human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), which begins to produce shell embedded in the uterine wall of the embryo in the second week of pregnancy. During the first months of pregnancy the amount of HCG is constantly growing, resulting in a yellow body grows and begins to intensively produce the female sex hormones estrogen and progesterone.

In what terms appear certain signs of pregnancy

The very first reaction to the pregnancy - the central nervous system can occur in the first week of pregnancy. This drowsiness and dizziness. The woman is not getting enough sleep, which is often the cause of irritable weakness afternoon. Women are annoying, you just want to relax and see no one.

Hormonal system into operation in the second week of pregnancy after embryo get to the uterus and its shell begins to produce hCG. Drastic hormonal changes bring even greater irritability Irritability - you try to control my temper   and constantly changing moods.

By the beginning of the second week may already be signs of pregnancy associated with the operation of the autonomic nervous system (ANS), which innervate the internal organs and blood vessel walls. Under the influence of a sharp hormonal shift work VNS is broken, causing the spasms, the dilation of blood vessels. Blood pressure due to this can then fall, then rise slightly. This leads to bouts of nausea, dizziness when suddenly there Dizziness - if the ground is slipping from under his feet , Nausea, blurred vision and a woman may even lose consciousness.

Changes in the senses can also begin in the second week of pregnancy. The first changes the taste - in the mouth appears smack of metal. This sign yet know our grandmothers. Then taste preferences are changing: What was once a woman ate with pleasure now disgusts and vice versa, dishes, had not attracted her become your favorite.

By the end of the second week of pregnancy, a woman begins to notice that it prevented some smells. Scents can literally chase a woman, causing her fear of public places.

All these subjective symptoms of pregnancy are not all pregnant women, some just do not notice their condition.

But it's hard not to notice, for example, changes in the mammary glands. They just happen to all women and there by the end of the second week of pregnancy when the hormonal system will work. Breasts increase in size, the nipples and the surrounding areola darken. At the same time, you may receive pigmentation (brown spots) on the forehead and the area of ​​the median line of the abdomen.

What objective studies can confirm the first signs of pregnancy

A pregnancy test can be positive at the end of the second week, but only if it is a highly sensitive test. The sensitivity of the pregnancy test is stated on the package, the lower its number, the more sensitive is the test. At the same time it is possible to donate blood for the quantitative determination of human chorionic gonadotropin.

Starting with the fifth week of pregnancy can be verified during an inspection of an obstetrician-gynecologist and ultrasound.

Galina Romanenko