Endoscopy - not only diagnosis but also treatment procedure - Stomach

August 20, 2009

Endoscopy - not only diagnosis but also treatment procedure
Endoscopes
Stomach
Bowel
Capsule
Nasopharynx
Digital

endoscopy of the stomach

Endoscopy of the stomach

Until a few decades ago, the doctor could only speculate about what happens to the stomach of the patient in various diseases. Today, he can see all of these processes with your own eyes using a special optical equipment. Such studies are called endoscopic internal organs.

Endoscopy of the stomach and its species

Endoscopy of the stomach is carried out using a special endoscopic device - gastroscope. Today, using a flexible gastroscope called fibrogastroscopy, and the study called fibrogastroscopy, but more research is conducted at the same time the gastric mucosa and duodenal ulcers - fibrogastroduodenoscopy (EGD). Sometimes, while conducting research and the walls of the esophagus, such a study called esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD).

For endoscopy today produced high-precision optical equipment, which allows to consider the displayed monitor and if necessary enlarged image of the stomach wall. During diagnostic test can detect erosive and ulcerative lesions of gastric polyps, benign and malignant tumors in the early stages of development. To confirm the diagnosis during EGD can take a piece of tissue of the stomach wall for histological examination. This is called a diagnostic endoscopy of the stomach.

But in some cases during the endoscopy and it is necessary to conduct medical procedures.

In most cases, emergency care is required when bleeding due to the destruction of a small blood vessel. Endoscopic equipment has a special tool with which to cauterize a small vessel and stop the bleeding. Manages the tools a doctor with a special remote control for the image on the monitor.

With endoscopic equipment can be carried and small elective surgery (eg, to remove polyps stomach) or therapeutic manipulation (administered directly into the stomach medications that promote, for example, the healing of ulcerative process).

Indications and contraindications for endoscopy of the stomach

The indication for routine diagnostic gastroscopy Gastroscopy - when they look inside is any disease of the stomach of unspecified nature. During gastroscopy is possible to put a definitive diagnosis, take the study of biopsy material - all this will further develop the correct tactics of patients.

In case of emergency EGD performed to identify and eliminate possible gastric bleeding, removal of foreign bodies from the stomach, clarify the nature of the restriction hole at the junction of the stomach into the duodenum (depends on this, whether the patient will need surgery).

EGD is contraindicated with sharp narrowing of the esophagus, for example, when it burns, or proliferation of connective tissue, which is not able to stretch - there is a threat to break the wall of the esophagus during the EGD. All other contraindications are relative, that is, the threat of life of the patient EGD may be performed. For example, in myocardial infarction Myocardial infarction - the most formidable diagnosis and suspected gastric bleeding EGD done for health reasons.

Technique of gastric endoscopy

EGD performed on an empty stomach (the last meal - for 10 hours, water - in 3 hours prior to the study). Diagnostic endoscopy of the stomach usually done under local anesthesia, which is carried out by spraying a solution of anesthetic throat. But this study may be carried out will of the patient and under general anesthesia (e.g., intravenously).

The most embarrassing moment - is the introduction of a tube into the stomach gastroscope - in some patients it is hampered by a pronounced gag reflex.

At first, the feeling can also occur interception of breath, but it is very short and to further pain and discomfort during the investigation does not appear, only a small distension of the stomach. The duration of the EGD may be different, it all depends on what is found during the investigation.

Therapeutic endoscopy can be performed immediately after the diagnostic study or in a planned manner. Planning performed minor surgery, such as removal of polyps, submucosal structures of the stomach, ligation of esophageal varices and gastric. In recent years, the operation is often used to establish the gastric balloon for weight loss (it causes a feeling of satiety and reduces appetite).

Endoscopy - not only diagnosis but also treatment procedure - nasopharynx

August 20, 2009

Endoscopy - not only diagnosis but also treatment procedure
Endoscopes
Stomach
Bowel
Capsule
Nasopharynx
Digital

Endoscopy of the nasopharynx

Nasal endoscopy carried out in order to make an accurate diagnosis - endoscopic equipment allows to do it in the early stages. Most of the operations in otolaryngology and today carried out using endoscopic equipment.

How endoscopy

Endoscopy was performed using a special optical devices - endoscopes. Most used today in ENT endoscopes have a digital camera and can simulate a three-dimensional image of the body. An endoscope is a thin (3 - 4 mm in diameter), elastic tube, at the end of which a light source and a video camera. The other end of the tube is connected to the installation of a binocular in which the doctor looks in the research process. But the camcorder can display an image on the monitor screen. Modern endoscopic instrument equipped with digital video cameras.

During endoscopy otolaryngologist may consider the inner surface of the nasopharynx from different angles and with different magnification. This enables an accurate diagnosis immediately after the conduct of such research. In otolaryngology accurate diagnosis is important in order to then carry out proper treatment, including operative. But before that, the doctor must be clear scope of the operation.

Endoscopy procedure is simple, easily tolerated by patients and short duration (a few minutes).

In order to hold the tube in the endoscope into the nasopharynx, the surface is lubricated anesthetic gel, after which the patient does not experience any discomfort.

What can be detected by nasal endoscopy

Using nasal endoscopy can reveal inflammation of the nose and throat and in the nasal sinuses. Very often, these diseases require surgical correction, as occur on the background anatomical changes lateral walls of the nasopharynx, which disrupts the outflow of the contents of the sinuses, where stagnation and development of the inflammatory process.

Another "discovery" may be adenoids - proliferation of lymphoid tissue in the nasopharynx. The adenoids are more common in children with permanent inflammation and can lead to complications such as nasal breathing disorders, hearing loss, chronic inflammatory processes in the nasopharynx. Therefore, they also require removal.

Finally, while endoscopy can be detected in the nasopharynx of benign and malignant tumors. Which way and what amount to remove them, to a large extent depends on the results of diagnostic investigations.

Endoscopic surgery in the nasopharynx

Endoscopic surgery in nasal occasion for many years. But in recent years much has changed the quality of surgery - this is made possible on the background of a new generation of endoscopic equipment.

Endoscopic method of operation is not only low-traumatic (during surgery almost injured healthy tissue), but made much more efficiently. For example, to remove the adenoids Adenoids - the expansion of the pharyngeal tonsil (adenektomiya) or tonsils (tonsillectomy) is only recommended endoscopic way - so you can be sure that all the lymphoid tissue is removed and the disease will not relapse. When adenektomii and tonsillectomy performed in the usual way, often relapse precisely because it did not delete small areas of tissue, which then begin to grow. With endoscopic surgery is much less complications, including bleeding.

With endoscopic surgery corrected the defects of the anatomical structure of the nasopharynx, which lead to the development of chronic inflammatory processes.

When properly conducted operation correcting such defects inflammatory process, which lasted for years, for example, in the maxillary sinus, runs independently.

Endoscopic method can be carried out not only transactions, but conservative treatment, for example, the occasion washing the sinuses or administered topically different drugs. The tactics of conservative or surgical treatment is determined based on identified during the survey of the characteristics of the patient and the presence of his other diseases nasopharynx.