Bilateral pneumonia Pneumonia - Symptoms and Causes   - The phenomenon is not so rare. At the same time often taken for bilateral pneumonia acute bronchitis. In order to clarify the diagnosis, the patient must make a lung X-ray and blood count - in this case will clearly see the difference bronchitis pneumonia.

Why are there bilateral pneumonia

Bilateral pneumonia most commonly occur in debilitated patients with reduced immunity. This infectious agent is usually own conditionally pathogenic patient (community-acquired pneumonia), or microflora characteristic of the hospital (nosocomial pneumonia).

Often bilateral lung damage develops at staphylococcal pneumonia, Legionnaires' disease Legionnaires' disease - travelers as interesting   and length of stay in a stationary state (hypostatic pneumonia).

Staphylococcal bilateral pneumonia

Staphylococcal pneumonia often begin after a viral infection (such as the flu), and usually affect children, the elderly and the sick, debilitated by chronic diseases.

Thus there is a fever, shortness of breath, chest pain, cough with purulent bloody sputum, severe headache, confusion. The severity of the disease often do not coincide with the X-ray examination revealed the size of the lesion.

On the second or third day of the disease in the lungs produce large cavity filled with air - a consequence of the dissolution of lung tissue by toxins of staphylococci. The configuration and the number of necrotic cavities in the lung is constantly changing. It is also characteristic abscess formation (formation of ulcers in the lungs, the limited capsule) with the breakthrough of pus in the pleural cavity and the development of a purulent pleurisy.

On X-rays when staphylococcal pneumonia can see one or more centers of medium or large size, often located in both lungs. These lesions tend to merge and form zones of enlightenment as a result of the collapse of the tissues. The presence of acute inflammatory process confirms CBC.

Treatment of staphylococcal pneumonia - a difficult task. Treatment should always be carried out under permanent radiological and laboratory control.

Legionella bilateral pneumonia

Legionellosis - a disease caused by Legionella, which is manifested in defeat respiratory, kidney and central nervous system. For the first time legionellosis was identified relatively recently, in the 70s of the last century. It was subsequently found that Legionella - are microorganisms are prevalent in many natural and man-made reservoirs. They easily withstand adverse environmental conditions, particularly in the water as often live inside protozoa (amoebas).

The source of infection for the human Legionnaires' can be water and air conditioning. You can become infected during water treatment (for example, soul), or by inhalation of conditioned air. More common in smokers, people with severe kidney disease with a reduction in their functions, immunocompromised and elderly patients.

The incubation period of Legionnaires' disease (time from infection to the first symptoms of the disease) from two to ten days. Then develop Legionnaires' disease - severe pneumonia. Starts disease with general malaise and headache, and a day high fever, chills and a strong dry cough Dry cough - whether to worry about it? . Some time later, the cough becomes wet, separated muco-purulent sputum, and sputum with blood, shortness of breath, abdominal pain Abdominal pain: Types and Symptoms , Nausea and vomiting.

On X-rays early in the disease can be seen unilateral lung damage in the form of rounded shadows that the development of the disease are bilateral. Shadows often merge with each other, affecting the whole lung lobes. During the first week of the disease severity increases its temperature is held for almost two weeks. The recovery period lasts a few weeks. Thus effects are often in the form of proliferation instead of lung tissue damaged connective tissue, i.e. fibrosis.

Treatment of the disease held macrolide antibiotics and fluoroquinolones.

Hypostatically bilateral pneumonia

Hypostatically (congestive) pneumonia occurs most often in the lower right lung, but also bilateral and frequently. It develops in frail patients who, because of his illness do not move as well as in patients with cardiovascular diseases with symptoms of stagnation of blood in the pulmonary circulation (ie in the lungs).

Against the background of stagnant blood and edema in the lung develops violation of patency of the bronchi, which lead to violations of their ventilation. In insufficiently ventilated lungs develop opportunistic and pathogenic microflora (most commonly pneumococci), which causes the development of pneumonia.

The disease develops gradually and occurs in the form of weakness, lethargy, general malaise, shortness of breath, cough with little phlegm. And a small temperature (sometimes it is normal).

Imperceptible course of the disease contributes to the fact that it did not immediately identify, and that is often the cause of many complications.

Galina Romanenko

Aspiration into the airway liquid or solid object always happens unexpectedly. Very often such situations occur in young children, which can choke the mother's milk when regurgitation and even feeding. And the main thing here - not to get lost in time to provide all the necessary assistance.

What is aspiration and why it occurs

Aspiration is often called penetration into respiratory tract by inhalation of liquid or solid substances (food debris, saliva, inflammatory fluids, pieces of tissue, blood, artificial teeth and other items).

The term "aspiration" is also used to denote treatments suctioning content from the various cavities, which is carried out using different aspirators. For diagnostic purposes, using an aspirator receive material from the various organs for microscopic examination (aspiration biopsy). Aspiration of air can be carried out in special devices for its analysis.

Factors predisposing to aspiration of foreign material into the respiratory tract, include the lowering of protective reflexes pharynx and larynx, observed during general weakness, damage to the central nervous system. They also have the value of the amount of ventilation and the properties of respirable mass.

Of aspiration observed in violation of consciousness induced by intoxication, coma, during general anesthesia. Aspiration occurs when a blood vessel bleeding from broncho-pulmonary system, such as tuberculosis Tuberculosis - a full recovery is not guaranteed   light, profuse bleeding from the esophagus or stomach. The reason for the aspiration of foreign objects in most cases is a sudden deep breath. Ascaris can be aspirated from the mouth into the larynx during sleep Dreams: how to understand our dreams Especially in children.

Consequences aspiration depends on the severity of the underlying disease, and the magnitude, consistency, quantity, penetration depth, toxicity and infection aspirated material. Aspiration of large items or large amounts of slurry leads to suffocation.

Smaller foreign bodies, depending on the material from which they are made, and locations in the respiratory system coughs or dissolve or cause damage and inflammation in the broncho-pulmonary system - aspiration pneumonia.

Aspiration children

The penetration into the airways of foreign material occurs more often in children than in adults. The fruit can aspirate amniotic fluid and mucus from the birth canal during delivery as a result of premature respiratory movements on the basis of lack of oxygen. The cause of anoxia can be maternal disease (heart disease, toxemia of pregnancy), violation of utero-placental circulation in complicated delivery (premature discharge of water, uterine inertia, twisting or pressing the umbilical cord). Aspiration of the fetus is accompanied by changes of rhythm and heart rate.

Newborns can arise aspiration of the milk from the mouth when inhaling during feeding, if the child's nasal passages are closed-feeding mother. The same thing happens when the wrong position of the child when, during feeding is not completely closed glottis: the head thrown back in time swallowing difficult tight closing the epiglottis entrance to the larynx. Premature, weakened and sick newborns, especially in lesions of the central nervous system, there is aspiration of milk due to the lack or violation of swallowing reflex reflexes coordinate sucking and swallowing with breathing.

Aspiration of vomitus and mucus may be in newborns and infants with malformations of the gastrointestinal tract (hypoplasia or narrowing of the esophagus), asphyxia and birth trauma Birth injuries - than they threaten your child? , With severe diseases of toxicosis, household poisonings.

If you are not careful child care possible asphyxia pieces of food and small foreign bodies.

When asphyxia dense masses of food or objects can block the lumen of the trachea or main bronchus and breathing difficulties occur sharply, accompanied by a cough, and then cyanosis (bluish) of the skin and mucous membranes. When clogged bronchial tubes is the development of atelectasis (atelectasis), pneumonia.

Treatment of aspiration

When aspiration fluid for the rapid restoration of breathing immediately suck it using electric pumps, rubber balloon or a catheter. To remove denser items required bronchoscopy Bronchoscopy - unpleasant but necessary Which is carried out using an optical device bronchoscope. At the same time the foreign body is captured by a special tool, the managing physician who sees the whole process on the screen.

When suffocation (asphyxia) patients required intensive care, which is the immediate elimination of reasons therefor, in particular the removal of foreign bodies from the airway.

First aid in contact with a foreign body in the airways:

• immediately call an ambulance;
• reassure the victim, put him face-down with sveshennoy upside down and ask not to restrain the cough;
• if the victim is an infant, it is necessary to put on his stomach on the forearm of the left hand, forearm slightly lower down, keeping the child's chin and the back and palm of the right hand pat him between the shoulder blades toward the head; then check for a foreign body in your mouth and remove it.

Aspiration importantly - it does not get lost.