What are the periodontitis

Periodontitis may occur acutely or chronically, when the periods of acute inflammation are replaced by calm. Chronic periodontitis, in turn, are divided into fibrotic, granulating and granulomatous.

Acute periodontitis

Acute periodontitis may be limited to small pockets of inflammation or spread to all of the surrounding tooth tissue. It begins suddenly, there is a strong toothache Toothache - itself does not take place And if there is a festering, it may suffer overall (chills, fever), grow toothache. Time has not treated acute periodontitis extends farther to the jaw bone or may become chronic.

In the treatment of acute periodontitis conducted special treatment root canal (its expansion, removal of dead tissue, disinfection), followed by sealing. Sometimes assigned overall treatments (antibiotics and other drugs) and physiotherapy.

Chronic periodontitis fibrotic

In chronic periodontitis periodontal fibrous grows coarse connective tissue, with small areas of inflammation. The disease often goes unnoticed for the patient, with his only symptom may be a change in the color of the tooth.

Chronic periodontitis is treated fibrous stages. First, open access to the root canal of a tooth, it is removed from the products of inflammation is treated with disinfecting agents. Then imposed a temporary filling with anti-inflammatory medications. After inflammation subside, the tooth is sealed. Sometimes, to relieve inflammation in periodontal apply physiotherapy.

Chronic granulating periodontitis

Chronic granulating periodontitis - against the background of this proliferation of inflammation of the connective tissue that surrounds the tooth root and is soldered to its top. Connective tissue can grow into the canal of the tooth, under the periosteum, forming stroke (fistula). Pain in the tooth appears only when biting, and sometimes opens fistulous course. In the area of ​​the tooth much redness, swelling and tenderness of the gums.

Treatment: removal of the contents of the root canal of a tooth, its special treatment and sealing (channel and cavity). In advanced cases, remove the affected tooth root multirooted and the remaining root is used under the bridge.

Chronic granulomatous periodontitis

In chronic granulomatous periodontitis at the site of inflammation grows connective tissue that forms around the capsule (granuloma), which can be simple or complex (all of its strands penetrate the epithelium). If the teeth are left untreated, granuloma can go into a cyst. Proceeds of such periodontal symptoms, but sometimes with pressure on the painful tooth pain appears. Granuloma may occur on caries, or tooth sealed and be a random finding on x-ray.

In the treatment of chronic granulomatous periodontitis is treated with a cavity, removing the previously delivered seal, then remove the pulp, including tooth root channel, processes the sealing. In the absence of a positive result tooth removed.

In acute periodontitis or exacerbation of chronic periodontitis need:

• take frequent warm rinse with a solution of baking soda (1/2 teaspoon per cup of water);
• ingest drugs painkillers (analgin);
• seek emergency dentist.

What is fluorosis, its types and causes of

Fluorosis - a chronic disease or intoxication (poisoning) that develops after prolonged surplus entering the body in high concentrations of fluoride, for example, in the aluminum industry. Fluorosis can be endemic and professional. Endemic fluorosis is prevalent among the population was using drinking water with a high fluorine content - more than 1, 0-1, 5 mg / l.

Professional fluorosis

When professional fluorosis due to industrial pollutant occurs inhibition of the activity of many enzymes due to the formation of chemical bonds with fluorine active sites of enzymes, as well as changes in the permeability of cell membranes, which leads to disruption of bioenergy and as a consequence - changes in various organs and tissues.

When a fluorine through the air occur atrophy (shrinking) changes in the mucous membranes of the respiratory tract, which is why there is a chronic runny nose, inflammation of the nose, throat and bronchial tubes. High concentrations of gaseous fluorine compounds can cause nosebleeds and changes in the internal organs.

The ability of fluorine to accumulate in bone tissues leads to the development of changes in the skeletal system, as well as chalky appearance of age spots on the tooth enamel, to enhance their abrasion and brittleness.

The defeat of the bone is the basis of the classification of professional dental fluorosis

• Stage I - dokostnaya occur functional (reversible) changes in the most important systems of the body; Patients concerned about pain in the bones, joints and muscles;
• Stage II - identify changes in bone tissue in the form of symmetrical layers on the bone (usually the legs); there are persistent violations of the liver and the gastrointestinal tract;
• Stage III A - appears narrowing of the medullary canal, calcification of ligaments, increase bone density;
• Stage III B - osteosclerosis (bone overgrowth of connective tissue) of the entire body's bone Tacna; affects pelvis, vertebrae, limb bones, ribs, collarbone and shoulder blades.

Treatment is carried out in vitamins A, C, P, B, calcium compounds, magnesium salts of lactic and pyruvic acids, acting on the mechanisms of dental fluorosis. The positive effect gives conifers, hydrogen sulfide and radon baths. It should also be the removal of the patient from the source of increased danger (production associated with high concentrations of fluorine).

Endemic fluorosis

Endemic fluorosis occurs in the population using water sources with a high content of fluorine. In endemic fluorosis is usually not affected the entire local population, but only a part (the higher the concentration of fluoride in the water, the greater the percentage of the local population has symptoms of fluorosis). If a person comes to this country over the age of 10-12 years old, expressed forms of fluorosis had not developed.

Manifestations endemic fluorosis often limited lesion of teeth, but the fluorine content in water higher than 6 mg / L detected changes in bone tissue. The defeat of the teeth begins with the appearance of single chalky spots symmetrically arranged on individual teeth, usually on the incisors. Then develops a yellow-brown pigmentation of the teeth are actually increasing abrasion. If the process develops further, to tooth enamel The enamel of the teeth: protection, this Nature   defects appear as erosion, which leads to significant deformation of the teeth.

Treatment of endemic fluorosis is aimed mainly at removing cosmetic defects of teeth.

Prevention of endemic fluorosis provides replacement sources of drinking water containing high concentrations of fluoride in the water or holding facilities defluorination (purification from fluorine) water.

  Galina Romanenko