Pancreatitis - an inflammation of the pancreas, the body produces enzymes that play an important role in the digestive process. The pancreas is located on the left side of the abdomen. Violation of its operation leads to severe pain in the abdomen and can give serious complications if left untreated. When such symptoms of pancreatitis, nausea Nausea - there may be problems with the nervous system , Vomiting and severe abdominal pain Acute abdominal pain , You should immediately consult your doctor.

To prevent acute pancreatitis can be, if you stick to a healthy diet. Eating vegetables, fruits, lean meat, fish and dairy products, you can protect yourself from this and many other diseases. Fatty, sweet, salty, spicy foods, as well as semi-finished products and fast food is better to use the minimum level. In addition, there are recommended 4-5 times a day in small portions.

Treatment

If an attack of acute pancreatitis still occurred, the patient should be immediately taken to hospital. Acute pancreatitis is not always dangerous complications and goes, usually after 3 days, but the pain it causes, is unbearable, so it is better not to try to avoid hospitalization.

During the attack, and for some time after the patient is unable to eat on their own, and he will enter the nutrient solution through a dropper. After a few days it will give a clear liquid (tea, broth, apple juice, water - all warmed to body temperature), in a day or two it will be possible to start drinking more dense liquid, for example, yogurt, and gradually the patient returns to a normal diet.

Meals after attack

The most common recommendation regarding the patients after the onset of acute pancreatitis:

• There are low-fat foods; in one portion should contain no more than 30 g fat
• Eating foods rich in protein and carbohydrates, to facilitate the work of the pancreas
• Avoid very sweet foods, especially at elevated levels of blood sugar
• Limit intake of caffeine, foods with hot spices, as well as drinks and products that contribute to flatulence
• Completely give up alcohol and nicotine. Even in small doses, they increase the risk of another attack of acute pancreatitis
• Eating foods rich in magnesium, selenium, methionine, vitamins A, C and E

Fasting in acute pancreatitis

If the patient's condition allows, the surgical ward it first begin to heal with conservative methods, including using a special diet.

First of all, the patient was washed stomach and establish a special probe, which is through the nose into the cavity of the stomach. Through this probe the contents of the stomach is removed permanently. During the first 4-5 days the patient is assigned to fasting, he gets only parenteral nutrition (nutrient solution intravenously). Little by little, you can drink soda drink, mineral water without gas weak mineralization (Smirnovskaya Slavyanovskaya, Essentuki 17). All drink should be cold - it reduces the activity of the pancreas.

To meet the needs of the organism in the protein intravenously administered amino acid solutions (Amioun, casein hydrolyzate). A prerequisite for the administration of such solutions is complete emptying of the stomach (gastric probe constant) otherwise administering the protein may induce the activation of secretion of pancreatic juice and the deterioration of the patient.

As a source of energy administered intravenously fat emulsions (e.g., Intralipid), the introduction of which does not affect the activity of the secretion of gastric and pancreatic Diabetes and pancreas - the things you need to know . As the energetic material is administered to patients as glucose Glucose: The energy source .

Kidneys help to control the level of liquids and different substances in the body; when the kidneys are sick, their job can be made easier with the help of diet. When kidney disease is very important to control the amount of fluid intake. Excess liquid may lead to edema, dyspnea and increase in blood pressure.

Therefore, when kidney disease is recommended to drink only when you feel thirsty (not necessary, however, to wait for a strong thirst). Do not drink out of habit, or for the company. Define the scope of your favorite clubs, as well as the amount of cups and glasses, and that you drink at work. Depending on the rate of fluid recommended by your doctor, calculate how many cups or mugs you can drink a day.

Phosphorus

Phosphorus is necessary for an organism that maintain healthy bones and teeth, it is necessary for normal functioning of nerves and muscles. When kidney disease organism can not remove excess phosphorus, so the level of this mineral is necessary to reduce artificially - through diet.

Foods high in phosphorus:

• Cola;
• Peanut butter;
• Cheese;
• Sardines;
• Chicken and beef liver;
• Nuts;
• Caramel;
• Beer;
• Ice cream.

Patients with kidney disease need to eliminate these foods from the diet.

Potassium

Healthy kidneys maintain normal potassium levels. When kidney disease potassium levels may be dangerously high, resulting sometimes it becomes irregular heartbeat, and even heart failure. Especially rich in potassium following products:

• Fruit - bananas Bananas: the benefits and harms health , Oranges, melons, prunes, raisins, apricots;
• Vegetables - broccoli, potatoes, tomatoes, herbs;
• Mushrooms;
• Chocolate;
• Coffee (for kidney disease is not recommended to drink more than two cups of coffee a day).

Instead, the diet in renal disease may include the following foods low in potassium:

• Apples;
• Grapes;
• Pears;
• Watermelon;
• Cranberry;
• Cherry;
• Legumes;
• Cucumbers;
• Bow;
• Carrot;
• Figure;
• Noodles;
• Cereal.

Proteins

Eating protein in renal disease should be limited. However, since proteins are necessary for normal functioning of the body, it can be done only under medical supervision. Typically, patients are advised to at least partially replace meat and dairy products on plant foods (e.g., legumes), which also contains proteins, but in limited quantities.

Natrium

When kidney disease sodium can accumulate in the body, so it is important to use it as little as possible. Many of sodium found in table salt, bouillon cubes, potato chips, nuts, bacon, cheese, canned soups, powders, soups, canned food. To normalize the level of sodium in the body, should be excluded from the diet, refined products and intermediates, and also used instead of salt other seasonings.

Diet with acute glomerulonephritis

Glomerulonephritis - is infectious and allergic inflammation of the kidney, which is bilateral. Glomerulonephritis is caused by various infections, the introduction of foreign substances into the body and so on. In response to the introduction of such factors (antigens), the body produces antibodies that by sticking to the antigen, forming insoluble complexes that are deposited in the walls of the renal vessels and disrupts their work. At the same time there are antibodies to their own tissues and kidneys. All this causes inflammation and necrosis (destruction) of the cell walls of the blood vessels in the kidneys (glomeruli responsible for filtering the blood) and interfere with the function of the kidneys. Acute glomerulonephritis is manifested by three main symptoms: the appearance of protein in the urine The protein in the urine - a sign of danger, which should not be underestimated , High blood pressure and edema.

Diet with acute glomerulonephritis begins with a sharp restriction of protein foods (glomerulonephritis generally disturbed metabolism of proteins) and salt (as it contributes to fluid retention in the body and in glomerulonephritis in a patient and so have edema). So the first few days of use fruit-sugar diet: up to 1 kg of fruit per day (sweet apples, grapes, watermelons, melons).

If the patient's condition is improved (this is confirmed by laboratory testing), it is converted to lactic vegetable diet with a decrease in the amount of protein in the diet by half with respect to normal. All food is prepared without salt, the amount of liquid in the daily diet depends on how it is retained in the body. Allowed boiled or stewed vegetable dishes (including in the form of mashed potatoes), cereals, pasta, dairy soups, fruit juices. With further improvement of the state introduced yogurt, boiled eggs or in an omelette, sour cream, vegetable oil and butter, the dried salt-free bread. This diet №7, which is recommended to adhere to at least 3 months.

If sustained improvement of the patient and laboratory data in 3-4 months start to gradually expand a diet: introduce regular white bread, cheese, meat, fish. If these products are well tolerated and did not appear edema, then little by little start to introduce salt (no more than 5 grams per day for podsalivaniya salt-free meals). Six months after the onset of the disease is introduced into the diet of broth of meat and fish, as well as products with increased allergenicity (eg, citrus).

Diet in chronic glomerulonephritis

Chronic hlomerulonefrit can proceed with a predominance of certain symptoms: a large amount of protein and blood in the urine Blood in the urine - a reason for serious concern , Edema, high blood pressure. Depending on what features predominate in a given patient, it is assigned and diet.

When you select a large amount of protein in the urine and high blood pressure is appointed lacto-vegetarian diet, as in acute glomerulonephritis. When the edema limit table salt and fluid.

Outside exacerbation diet gradually expanded through the introduction of protein foods (meat, fish, cheese) and salt. A few months after the exacerbation of the patient should receive the usual set of products, in which the ratio of animal and vegetable protein should be 3: 2.

Diet with pyelonephritis

Pyelonephritis - an inflammation of interstitial kidney tissue (connective tissue, which is the frame of the kidneys). Pyelonephritis can be acute or chronic.

Diet with pyelonephritis Pyelonephritis - kidney disease   It is not as important as in glomerulonephritis, since it is almost never impaired renal function. In acute pyelonephritis with high fever and severe intoxication recommend taking plenty of fluids, fruits and vegetables, is a diuretic (eg, melons). After the acute effects will be, the patient is transferred to a normal diet with the exception of sharp, fried and extractives (meat and fish broth) dishes.

During exacerbation of chronic pyelonephritis food is the same as in the acute process, without exacerbation - the usual diet with the exception of diet extractives (fried foods, strong broth).

Galina Romanenko