Today to cystitis treated seriously and experts do not consider it a trifle, unworthy of attention (and before it was often only cystitis treated folk remedies). Serious studies conducted in the past decade suggests that the disease is not yet fully investigated.
Why can begin cystitis
Causes of cystitis can be very different. At the heart of its origin may lie failure to comply with the rules of personal hygiene, various anatomical and physiological features of the bladder, surrounding the disease of the bladder, chemical exposure. But more often the cause of cystitis is a combination of different reasons.
Starting torque is often hypothermia with decreased general and local immunity and microtrauma (such as during sex). Have the cause and starting torque, and leads to the appearance of cystitis.
Infection as the main cause
In most cases, the basis of cystitis is an infection. Infectious agents can be bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoa. But, nevertheless, often have a bacterial origin cystitis.
Pathogens of infectious bacterial cystitis are often Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Proteus, or combinations thereof, such as E. coli and Staphylococcus aureus, enterococci and cons. In cystitis the urine can be detected thread atinomitsetov fungi, yeast fungi genus Candida, Trichomonas vaginalis
Trichomonas - leads to infertility
(pathogens Trichomonas cystitis).
A special category includes viruses - infectious viral cystitis is often caused by adenovirus and is a complication of acute viral infections of the upper respiratory tract. In this case, the infection often misses the urinary tract to the blood stream. Therefore, viral cystitis is more common in men and boys - is most typical for them this type of infection.
But the bladder mucosa has a good local immunity. That is, the resistance to infection. The bladder may be a number of bacteria and fungi, but they usually do not cause disease, because they are unable to infiltrate the mucosa: here they meet and destroy immune cells in place. But under certain conditions the activity of the immune system decreases.
Such conditions include, for example, hypothermia, fatigue, exhaustion, severe systemic diseases, surgery. Especially dangerous violation of the outflow of urine in patients suffering from diseases of the prostate (prostatitis, adenoma), strictures (narrowing of the persistent) of the urethra (urethritis), violation of the nervous regulation (neurogenic bladder dysfunction). Local immunity disorders can also cause circulatory disorders in the wall of the bladder or in the pelvis.
Gets an infection in the bladder following ways:
- ascending path - if you do not observe the rules of personal hygiene - this way is characteristic of women;
- while instrumental urological procedures - characteristic equally for both women and men;
- by downward - from the kidneys when they are inflamed - as is typical for men and women equally;
- hematogenous route - through the bloodstream from another site of infection - the most typical way for men.
Causes of cystitis infectious origin
Cystitis, which occur without infection, called non-infectious. They often appear on the background of irritation of the bladder mucosa by chemical means, located in the urine, including drugs, especially when these drugs take a long time and in large doses. There is, for example, such dosage cystitis as fenatsitinovy and urotropinovy.
Another common cause of noninfectious cystitis are burns of the mucous membrane caused against various medical procedures. Thermal burns can be - if the bladder is administered solution whose temperature exceeds 45˚ when administered chemical or concentrated solutions of the chemicals.
The mucosa of the bladder can be injured urinary stones, foreign bodies, tool urologist. Sharply reduced local immunity after radiation and chemotherapy
Chemotherapy - it always falls the hair?
malignant tumors of female genitals, rectum, bladder itself (radiation cystitis).
All these factors can cause aseptic (without infection) inflammation. But in most cases, to aseptic inflammation almost immediately joined by an infection that is often present in the urinary tract, and the process becomes contagious.
Cystitis can occur in a healthy bladder
Urinary bladder - structure and function
- This process is called a primary or be a complication of some other disease or anatomical abnormalities - such cystitis
Cystitis: urgently take action
It called secondary.
Identify the causes of the disease - this is a step on the way to cure it.
Galina Romanenko
