When urogenital candidiasis affects the mucous membranes of the lower parts of the urogenital organs and skin in this area. This is a very common disease in women, but in men it is much rarer and often said that there is still some kind of disease.

Infection Women

Candidiasis - a disease which is caused by the yeast genus Candida, living on the surface of the body including the mucous membranes of the hollow internal organs that are connected with the environment.

Urogenital candidiasis in women Candidiasis in women - whether it is necessary to rely on medication?   It manifested in the form of vulvovaginal lesions of the external genitalia, vagina and urethra. Since the urethra in women short and relatively broad, fungal infection and could penetrate into the bladder.

Urogenital candidiasis in women is very common and is usually associated with low immunity (for example, with a long reception of hormonal contraceptives in the treatment of glucocorticoid hormones, colds, stress), long uncontrolled taking antibiotics (it is developed intestinal candidiasis, and infectious agents get from the gut into genitourinary organs). There may be other causes of urogenital candidiasis.

Girls and older women urogenital candidiasis is often the result of external (exogenous) infection from others. Urogenital candidiasis is manifested in the form of a burning sensation, pain and itching in the genital area, which increases especially at night. The defeat of the urethra is manifested in the form of frequent painful urination.

On examination, the woman revealed redness and swelling of the mucous membranes of the genitals. A characteristic feature of candidiasis are also white cheesy plaque, which can be easily removed from the mucosa. Subsequently attacks grow and attach themselves firmly to the mucosa. When you try to remove them form erosion and painful sores. There are also cheesy discharge from the genital tract. Urogenital candidiasis in women requires the appointment of adequate treatment, as almost always associated with impaired immunity.

Infection men

Urogenital candidiasis develops in men is much less (according to some studies ten times) than in women. Candida species are also natural inhabitants of the male genitalia, without causing disease. The disease may start with a sharp decrease in immunity, the presence of intestinal candidiasis (eg, in patients receiving antibiotics), as well as the presence of the man has some sort of infection that occurs is hidden and does not manifest itself (eg, gonorrhea, chlamydia), but it helps penetration of Candida in the mucous membranes of the urogenital organs.

In some cases, men are infected with candidiasis by women, but this requires a decrease in immunity, that is, again any disease. In this regard, men suffering from urogenital candidiasis, must be fully investigated.

The main manifestations of urogenital candidiasis in men Urogenital candidiasis in men - why it comes back?   They are balanopostit Balanoposthitis - you need to find the reason   (inflammation of the glans penis and foreskin) and urethritis (inflammation of the urethra). At the same time a man appeared burning and itching of the glans penis, as well as frequent painful urination. At external examination at the head of the penis can see redness or swelling. Sometimes the inflamed surfaces found curdled raids, as well as erosion and ulcers, but it does not always happen. From the urethra may appear thick filaments extending a kind of white or cheesy discharge. As a result of the inflammatory process, there is a characteristic odor.

Urogenital candidiasis in men - is a serious problem. Since this is always a violation of immunity, infection may spread to the bladder, ureters, kidneys, testes men, as well as blood and lymphatic vessels to other organs.

In addition, inflammation of the glans penis is fraught with complications such as phimosis - inability to expose the glans because of too narrow and poorly stretch the foreskin. The foreskin may acquire as a result of such changes sclerosis - proliferation at the site of inflammation of the connective tissue. This complication can be removed only by surgery. If there is always the threat of phimosis paraphimosis - infringement of the glans penis foreskin, it is a condition that requires immediate medical care, otherwise there will be disadvantaged dying tissue.

After urogenital candidiasis in men Candidiasis in men: what is the reason?   may remain persistent voiding due to changes in the mucous membrane of the urethra. Such violations often lead to stagnation of urine, the development of bacterial cystitis and pyelonephritis.

Finally, long flowing inflammation of the glans penis can cause sensory disturbances in this area, which will lead to a violation of the sexual life. Thrush occurs in men less than women, but requires detailed examination and appropriate treatment.

Galina Romanenko

Regardless of the cause of the non-infectious hemorrhagic cystitis Cystitis: urgently take action Treatment of the disease is almost always the same. An important aspect of the treatment - a urine test is performed to eliminate the possibility of bacterial cystitis. The main goal of treatment hemorrhagic cystitis - elimination of the agent causing cystitis.

If the blood clots in the urine are not observed and urine occurs normally, often the only method of treatment is hydration under the supervision of a physician. If hemorrhagic cystitis Hemorrhagic Cystitis: always seriously   causes difficulties with urination, it is a sign that blood clots caused a blockage of the urinary tract. In this case, to remove blood clots applied hematuric special catheter with rigid walls.

The treatment process

In the first stage of treatment is conducted hemorrhagic cystitis bladder irrigation with sterile water, dissolving the red blood cells and blood clots. Thereafter, the regular standard bladder irrigation with saline. If irrigation of the bladder, lysed (solvent), blood clots, is impossible, for the treatment of hemorrhagic cystitis require cystoscopy performed under anesthesia, and the concomitant antibiotic treatment. Though regular irrigation of the bladder with saline does not perform the same functions that irrigation with sterile water (ie, does not dissolve blood clots), this procedure helps to prevent further clots in hemorrhagic cystitis.

Persistent hematuria (constant presence in the urine of blood clots) is treated via irrigation bladder specific composition - including carboprost and silver nitrate. Silver nitrate, astringent, stopping bleeding, delayed on the bleeding surface of the bladder wall and almost into the bloodstream. Furthermore, for intravesical cessation of bleeding (bleeding in the urinary bladder), in some cases, a aminocaproic acid, slow or prevent blood clot dissolving enzymes urine.

Carboprost tromethamine - another drug used for the treatment of hemorrhagic cystitis. This substance causes contraction of the smooth muscle walls of the blood vessels and is used mainly for irrigation of the bladder in the treatment of haemorrhagic cystitis induced by cyclophosphamide. The main advantage of carboprost in the treatment of hemorrhagic cystitis - this medication is not causing pain in the bladder irrigation.

In severe cases, hemorrhagic cystitis, bladder irrigation is used formalin. Introduced in formalin bladder acts as a coagulant to the bleeding surface of the walls of the bladder, effectively stopping the bleeding, thus preventing the formation of blood clots that impede urination.

Hemorrhagic cystitis chemotherapy

For chemotherapy of malignant tumors is used cyclophosphamide - a drug to be metabolized Metabolism: The basis of life of all living things   forming acrolein, irritate the bladder Urinary bladder - structure and function   and eventually damaging the mucosa and causes bleeding. Cyclophosphamide toxicity can be reduced by the simultaneous ingestion of certain drugs - in particular pentosana polysulfate, 2-merkaptoetanesulfonata (mesna), amifostine, N-acetylcysteine ​​(mukomist). These substances, acrolein linking molecule to form a stable non-toxic to the bladder mucosa compound. Since mukomist reduces the chemotherapeutic effect of cyclophosphamide, the drug is used less frequently than mesna.

Meena - a formulation intended for oral or intravenous administration, recommended chemotherapy with cyclophosphamide and ifosfamide. The drug is particularly effective in the prevention, prevention of hemorrhagic cystitis, but the treatment of the impurity is caused by chemotherapy hemorrhagic cystitis is much less productive.

Viral hemorrhagic cystitis

For the treatment of viral hemorrhagic cystitis in patients with immune deficiency and immunosuppressive therapy used antiviral drugs (cidofovir, vidarabine, ribavirin) intravenously, intramuscularly, or orally. For the treatment of hemorrhagic cystitis caused by the BK virus (human polyomavirus 1) applies hyaluronate (the drug is injected into the bladder), for the treatment of cystitis caused by the JC-virus, another member of the group polyomavirus - risperidone.