Intestinal ischemia

So is a group of disorders associated with blood circulation in the blood vessels connected to the abdominal aorta. Under this name are combined violations such as ischemia, stomach, and numerous species of intestinal ischemia. The most common of them is bowel ischemia, which can affect the fat and / or small intestine.

The intestines nourish the blood of mesenteric artery blood flow disturbance which may have a number of serious health effects. Hence another name for bowel ischemia Intestinal ischemia - how to prevent irreversible changes   - Mesenteric ischemia. In a dramatic blood flow in the arteries of patients in need of urgent medical assistance, which usually involves surgery. With a slow course of the disease and need treatment: chronic ischemia vessels feeding the gut may one day lead to an attack of acute ischemia, or cause substantial weight loss and nutritional deficiencies - vitamins and minerals simply can not be absorbed properly.

Acute intestinal ischemia causes symptoms such as a sharp pain in the abdomen Sharp abdominal pain   (it can be both weak and very intense), sudden and strong urge to have a bowel movement, abdominal pain or swelling of the abdomen, blood in the stool, nausea and vomiting, fever. In chronic mesenteric ischemia symptoms such as cramping or a feeling of pressure in the abdomen, appearing half an hour after a meal, and last from one to three hours, abdominal pain, which gradually intensified over several weeks or months, wanton weight loss, diarrhea, nausea , vomiting, abdominal distension. Some patients with this disease are beginning to refuse to eat or try to eat as little as possible to avoid appearing postprandial pain.

The reasons for the different types of bowel ischemia can be: the formation of fat plaques or blood clots in the blood vessels that provide blood flow to the small or large intestine, surgery, taking certain medications that lead to a narrowing of blood vessels, cocaine or methamphetamine, a significant drop in blood pressure Some types of cancer and infectious diseases, injuries abdominal bowel disease (e.g. ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease or diverticulitis).

Ischemia of the abdominal cavity

Ischemia of the abdomen, including bowel ischemia and its other forms, diagnosed using methods such as CT angiography, arteriography, endoscopy Endoscopy - not only diagnosis but also treatment procedure Colonoscopy.

Treatment of this type of ischemia requires restoring blood flow in the arteries of the abdomen, but it needs to eliminate the cause of a problem with blood flow.

Some types of abdominal ischemia are in themselves, but the patient must be screened regularly by a doctor. Many varieties of ischemia require abdominal surgery to restore the blood supply.

Liver Ischemia

Liver ischemia - a disorder in which the liver does not get enough oxygen, resulting in damage to or destruction of its cells. In rare cases, it leads to liver failure - a potentially fatal disorder. Possible causes of liver ischemia - low blood pressure associated with an abnormal heart rhythm, infection, heavy bleeding, dehydration, as well as the formation of a blood clot in a major artery of the liver (which can occur, for example, after a liver transplant).

Liver cell damage typically for a long time does not cause symptoms. Many patients go to the doctor only when a violation of the liver leads to severe pain in the abdomen Abdominal pain: Types and Symptoms   and general malaise.

A method of treating ischaemia of the liver depends on the cause of the disease, but in any case basis goal is to restore blood supply to the liver tissue. If the disease is not detected in a timely manner, the patient may need a liver transplant.

Features of modern cardiac surgery

Cardiac and Cardiovascular Surgery - Surgery is the section dealing with the treatment of cardiovascular diseases using surgical methods. Today, cardiac surgery is the most effective way to treat certain types of heart defects and heart disease.

Cardiac surgery is a relatively young but rapidly developing science. If before heart surgery carried out only when you switch on the AIC circulation (heart-lung machine that replaces the heart during the operation), but today there are techniques that allow to carry out operations on a beating heart, without going to cardiopulmonary bypass. Finally, today, the methods and available equipment for endoscopic heart surgery when the skin of the chest made a small incision, allowing you to enter a special device by which heart surgery is performed, and the surgeon watches it and is controlled by the monitor and control panel .

In some cases, a heart surgery

Heart surgery is usually required in cases where the condition of the patient to normalize without operation becomes impossible, that is conducted conservative treatments and do not help the patient's condition deteriorates. Only surgical treatment require some heart defects, the defect structure of his blood circulation so that the patient can lead a normal life.

In recent years, increasingly with the help of heart surgery treat coronary heart disease, thus preventing severe complications, such as myocardial infarction, as well as surgically removing the effects of myocardial infarction Myocardial infarction - the most formidable diagnosis   (eg, thinning and bulging of scarring occurring after myocardial infarction).

How to operate with coronary heart disease

The main cause of coronary heart disease (CHD) is atherosclerosis Atherosclerosis - a chronic disease of the arteries In which the walls of blood vessels are formed plaques gradually bridging vessel lumen. For the heart is very dangerous because the heart muscle (myocardium) can not function without a proper blood supply, blood delivers her nutrients and oxygen. If a blood vessel that carries blood to the myocardium (coronary artery disease), is sealed, then immediately comes necrosis (infarction) of the myocardium. The area of ​​dead tissue is greater than most coronary artery ceased to function.

In order to prevent a myocardial infarction is made bypass surgery (CABG), when blood flow to the heart muscle is restored by bypassing constriction of a coronary vessel via shunt segments veins or arteries taken from the patient (for example in the extremities). Today CABG is done both with disconnection of the heart (instead of the heart works AIC), and without turning off, creating the stillness of the heart only in the treated area.

In addition to CABG currently undergoing balloon angioplasty surgery: using special equipment crushed atherosclerotic plaque in the artery, and then injected into the artery stent - a special device that prevents arteries subsides. Heart surgery in ischemic heart disease as required in the case where after a myocardial infarction in the heart muscle to thinning formed protrusion (aneurysm).

Operations at the heart defects

Heart defects can be congenital or acquired. Many of them do not require surgery, and some even take place unnoticed by the patient. But there are heart defects (especially congenital) in which the operation is vital. Most of these heart defects occur in the first hours of life. Cardiac surgery has been some progress in the treatment of certain severe congenital heart disease, but not all.

Sometimes a congenital heart defect Heart defects - time heals?   age passes, but if he did not pass on their own and growing signs of heart failure Heart failure - when the heart is unable to cope with the work , The operation is shown. In many congenital heart diseases, there are waste and-proven methods of surgical treatment.

Acquired heart defects operate only when conservative treatment is ineffective, and the signs of the disease is increasing. In acquired heart diseases often suffer from heart valves that prevent blood flow in the reverse direction. In violation of the structure of these valves, the blood while reducing the attack is not only the right, but in the opposite direction, which can severely disrupt the blood circulation in general. In such cases, surgery is performed to replace the heart valve in the valve from animal tissue (it has a limited time operation) or a special device, replacing a heart valve.

Operation Heart Transplant

In some cases, the patient's life-saving resort to at least - a heart transplant. In our time, after such an operation, more than half of patients live more than five years. This is a good opportunity, given that cardiac surgery is developing very rapidly and it is possible within five years to such patients can help more than dramatically.

Galina Romanenko