Angina in children - a rare phenomenon, however, it occurs. The reason may be a variety of congenital and acquired diseases that lead to a reduction in the lumen of the coronary artery spasm, or their walls with the subsequent development of oxygen deficiency in cardiac muscle cells.

What causes angina in children

Angina - a short-term bouts of acute cardiac pain associated with oxygen starvation of cells of the heart muscle - the myocardium. Children angina occur when a mismatch between myocardial oxygen demand and delivery.

Such a situation may occur when the partial obstruction (obstructive) coronary (supplying the heart muscle) arteries to congenital abnormalities or acquired diseases, as well as a significant increase in bulk (hypertrophy) of ventricular myocardium, when the increased demand for oxygen is not fully satisfied despite normal patency of coronary arteries.

Angina in children with congenital anomalies of the coronary arteries

Congenital anomalies of the coronary arteries do not occur so often. It manifested the disease in most cases, already early childhood. But in some cases, the first symptoms of angina in these children appear in adolescence in a period of rapid growth of all internal organs, including the heart.

The most common abnormality of the coronary arteries in children is a discharge of the left coronary artery from the pulmonary trunk. At the beginning of this anomaly of the coronary artery is narrowed slit-like shape. Sometimes coronary artery runs between the aorta and the pulmonary artery - if you exercise these vessels are increasing in volume and compress the coronary artery.

Children soon begin to realize that if there was a pain, you need to stand still and it will pass. Sometimes the chest pain accompanied by nausea, dizziness Dizziness - if the ground is slipping from under his feet   and fainting. Occasionally such pains appear for the first time in adolescents. And since in most cases the presence of anomalies in their coronary vessels they know nothing, there is a risk of myocardial infarction with high physical activity (eg in sports).

Angina in children may also develop on the background of hereditary disorders of lipid metabolism - dyslipidemia, which leads to increased formation of cholesterol and atherosclerosis in childhood. These children angina develops against the background of coronary heart disease.

Angina in children with acquired diseases

Most often, the defeat of coronary arteries in children causes Kawasaki disease - acute systemic inflammation with necrosis in the walls of large, medium and small arteries, combined with the defeat of the skin, mucous membranes, lymph nodes and joints.

The exact causes of the disease are unknown, but suggests that a genetic predisposition are important and immunity disorders. Starting torque are most often various infections. Kawasaki disease affects mainly boys under the age of 8 years, representatives of the yellow race. In our country, the disease is relatively rare.

Kawasaki disease begins acutely as acute respiratory viral infection. Then increased cervical lymph nodes Lymph nodes - what keeps our immune system It appears redness of fingers and toes, skin rashes of various kinds, dense swelling of hands and feet, joint pain Joint pain - how to understand what is going on? Diarrhea. On examination, the doctor finds an increase in the size of the heart and liver. High temperatures can hold up to a month. The recovery period may last up to several months or even several years.

As a result of Kawasaki disease may develop various pathologies of the coronary arteries, including aneurysm (areas of sharp expansion of the arteries), stenosis (narrowing of the areas), thrombosis (blood clots can partially or completely block the coronary arteries). All this may lead to the development of chronic ischemia (oxygen deficiency) the myocardium. Complication of Kawasaki disease are myocardial infarction and coronary artery rupture.

Angina children may also develop with an increase in the volume of the ventricular myocardium, for example, congenital heart disease or high blood pressure, the presence of severe kidney disease. In this case, an increase in the amount of myocardium is not enough oxygen, which he delivered normal coronary arteries.

Finally, angina, children may develop on the background of frequent palpitations (tachycardia) caused by a variety of diseases.

Treatment of angina in children is carried out after a thorough examination and identification of the causes of pain in the heart.

Galina Romanenko

One of the main problems in pediatrics is the treatment of an intestinal infection. This is especially true of intestinal infections of viral origin, such as rotavirus or intestinal flu Intestinal flu - rotavirus which affects the intestinal tract As effective antiviral agents for treatment of these infections do not.

The problem of intestinal infections in children

Intestinal infections in children more severe than in adults, of whatever origin they may be. They appear nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, fever. At the same time the main danger is the loss of body fluids from vomiting and diarrhea so severe intestinal infection in children Intestinal infections in children - a serious risk   It is usually treated in a hospital.

Intestinal bacterial infections can be treated with antibacterial drugs, and viral intestinal infection that's much more difficult to treat. In recent years significantly increased the number of cases of rotavirus infection in children. Rotavirus was found relatively recently, in the seventies of the last century, but today they caused infection is one of the most common, especially in the offseason.

Manifested rotavirus infection Rotavirus: favorable prognosis   vomiting, diarrhea, watery stool, abdominal pain and impaired general condition due to intoxication. In severe rotavirus infection due to frequent vomiting and loose stool rapidly increases dehydration.

The source of infection is a sick man, as the disease is transmitted by contact (dirty hands and objects) and airborne (with rotavirus often cough and runny nose). Getting in the human body, rotavirus is introduced into the cells of the mucous membrane of the small intestine, which are located on the top of the villi. This disrupted the process of digestion and absorption of nutrients, decreased activity of intestinal enzymes, increases intestinal peristalsis. All this causes nausea, vomiting and watery stools.

The disease duration from two days to a week, but after the recovery of external child for some time is infected with HIV and can be contagious to others.

Smecta in treatment of rotavirus infection in children

Smecta - a natural adsorbent, which is obtained from certain types of limestone on the island of Sardinia. Avilable budget allows it to selectively absorb certain substances. So, smectite perfectly adsorbs and removes bacteria, viruses, toxins and products of incomplete decomposition of carbohydrates that cause fermentation in the intestine (fermentation products are especially characteristic of rotavirus). But at the same smectite regulate water-salt metabolism, as it does not remove the body of essential minerals.

Additionally, smectite penetrates the intestinal mucosa, it increases the formation of the protective layer. This leads to the fact that the wall of the bowel becomes more resistant to any damaging factors. One such damaging factors are rotaviruses, which penetrate the cells of the intestinal mucosa and propagate there. During clinical studies it was found that smectite greatly restricts the penetration of rotaviruses through the protective layer of the intestinal mucosa.

Today there is no effective treatment for intestinal infections of viral origin. Therefore, pediatricians adopt taken enterosorption method, that is binding and removal of harmful substances from the intestines. Moreover, from the gastrointestinal tract output pathogenic viruses, bacteria and their toxins and other biologically active substances, which has a multifaceted therapeutic effect on the entire organism.

Therefore, in the treatment of rotavirus infection in children is often used smectite Smecta - necessary in any medicine cabinet . In severe disease with high fluid loss of a child, it is often combined with intravenous drip of saline solutions.

The best effect is obtained when the smectite is assigned when the first signs of the disease. This can even lead to breakage of the disease or to make it easier to flow.

In applying smekty a short course, it usually has no negative effect on intestinal microflora and is well tolerated.

How to give your child smektu

To prevent side effects (e.g. constipation) smektu administered to children in the form of fractional reception by dissolving it in water, juice or any baby foods. Powder contained in the sachet are dissolved in 50 ml of any liquid which gets child. When this powder was gradually added to the liquid and mixed thoroughly until a homogeneous suspension. The resulting suspension is partitioned into several times throughout the day.

Children under one year give the bag a day, from one to two years - one or two bags, more than two years - two or three bags.

Galina Romanenko