Types and symptoms

Helminth eggs are often found in the soil, on the fur of animals, finally, in the hands of the baby if it is infected, e.g., pinworms. And as the child can mess around in the sand, to communicate with animals and take his hands in his mouth, he is much more than an adult exposed to the risk of infection with worms.

What are worms

Worms (helminths) are called parasitic worms and their eggs. According to the World Health Organization worms infected at least 80% of the population, and some researchers believe that this percentage is much greater. It is often a person is a carrier of several types of worms.

Worms are always alien to the human body. They affect a person their secretions (secrets, feces), causing a reaction in the form of allergy and inflammation at the site of introduction of the parasite into tissues. All these things are like a snowball can cause any other diseases. Thus, allergy to helminths can be the basis of asthma, chronic skin diseases, and so on. Worms can cause goiter - the suppression of normal intestinal microflora involved in the digestive process and the development of harmful pathogenic microflora. Finally, some worms can cause anemia (anemia), especially in children. A tangle of worms in the intestine can cause intestinal obstruction.

Types of worms and ways of infection

The species of worms very much, but the children are the most common roundworm (nematode) - roundworm and pinworm.

Ascaris - white roundworms with pointed ends and a length greater than 10 centimeters, which live primarily in the small intestine for several years without being attached to its walls. However, they always move in the direction opposite the movement of the food mass and therefore almost never go out with the faeces. The stool can be detected under a microscope of this helminth eggs, but there is a difficulty: eggs are excreted in the feces every day, so for diagnosis feces on helminth eggs need to take several days.

Pinworms - are also white, but very small worms Worms - how dangerous they are? A length of centimeters. Pinworms live in the lower parts of the colon and 1, 5 months and lay eggs at night in the anus. Pinworms often come out with the feces when they are many, they are easy to spot.

Roundworm and pinworm child can become infected through dirty hands, poorly washed vegetables, fruit and other contaminated items that may have gotten on helminth eggs, isolated from the feces of sick people. The eggs of Ascaris and pinworms are very stable in the environment and can maintain long-term livelihoods, for example, in the soil. Once in the body of the child, the eggs are partially destroyed in the acid environment of the stomach (the smaller child, the less acidic environment in his stomach, and hence fewer obstacles for worms) and partly reaches the intestine, where they begin to develop in a familiar environment.

For pinworm is also characterized by self-infection: sick child combing the area of ​​the anus and genitals, pinworm eggs get on your hands, and then entered into the body through the mouth again.

Signs of helminthic infestation in children

Ascaris cause the child a disease called ascariasis. Signs ascaridosis almost never have the characteristic features. You may notice that the child has become ill to eat or, on the contrary, he had a voracious appetite. Children with ascariasis usually pale, languid, less mobile, often complain of headaches, dizziness, Dizziness - if the ground is slipping from under his feet , Nausea, abdominal pain Abdominal pain: Types and Symptoms , Constipation (stool in the form of pellets or sheep feces) or diarrhea characteristic of dysbiosis. In the long ascariasis may cause allergic diseases (various skin rashes and even asthma), intestinal obstruction - roundworm curl up into a ball and clog the intestinal lumen.

If the examination of the child's eggs of Ascaris were found in at least one portion of the stool, the child being treated. If the eggs of worms in the stool is not revealed, and the suspicion of parasitic infestation remains, conduct immunological blood tests for the detection of antibodies (immunoglobulins) to roundworm.

In addition, the feces are often found dysbacteriosis and blood - low hemoglobin (waste products helminths inhibit hematopoietic function), increased number of eosinophils (a sign of sensitization of the organism) and some other changes.

Pinworms cause disease, which is called enterobiasis, which is characterized by symptoms associated with skin irritation in the anus and genitals. The child does not sleep, dream Dreams: how to understand our dreams   often grinding his teeth, it becomes irritable, tearful. The anus may appear scratches, which are often associated infection, particularly in the genital area in girls. But enterobiasis can occur long and is completely transparent. If you suspect a enterobiasis also appointed fecal helminth eggs.

How to treat

For the treatment of parasitic infestations in children have quite a few effective and safe drugs (both need to be treated all family members). They can only appoint a doctor, in this case the self is very dangerous. And do not think that so actively advertised in the media vegetable anthelmintics are safer, and can be given to children without a doctor's prescription. All the contrary: modern drugs anthelmintic drugs is much safer for a child.

The main method of treatment enterobiasis children is the prevention of re-infection. To do this, the child needs often need to wash their hands and change clothes, wash it after proglazhivaya on both sides.

Worm infestation in children - is often a disease of dirty hands.

Galina Romanenko

Candidiasis in infants

Newborn babies often suffer from candidiasis. This feature is due to the structure of their skin and mucous membranes (they are very delicate and subtle), and the imperfection of immunity Immunity - types and characteristics in children in adults . The disease can occur in a mild form in limited areas lesions on the skin and mucous membranes, and in the form of severe diseases visceral.

How does a newborn baby can become infected with candidiasis

Infection can occur in utero child Prenatal development of the child: Week by Week , During childbirth, when passing through the mother's birth canal, the patient is the bearer candidiasis or fungi of the genus Candida, as well as after birth from the mother, medical personnel, or through objects contaminated with fungi. Contributing factors to the development of candidiasis in infants during childbirth are long with early discharge of amniotic fluid (the long dry period) and later the initial attachment of the child to the mother's breast.

Newborn skin candidiasis often occurs Candidiasis of the skin - Pay attention to the condition of his body , Mucous membrane of the mouth, genitalia, and conjunctiva. In severe forms of candidiasis affects the airways and intestines.

Candidiasis skin in newborns

Candidiasis of skin in infants can take the form of candidiasis skin wrinkling, skin smooth and mixed forms. Candidiasis skin folds in the groin, armpit, sometimes in the folds on the neck appears Moisture, skin reddens, its surface layers are destroyed, eroded to form a bright red surface.

Candidiasis smooth skin begins with the appearance of the skin of the abdomen, back, buttocks, arms and legs, face, genitals uneven scalloped pink papules on the surface of which there are bubbles. The bubbles burst quickly to form erosions in their place. Around the major elements formed several small children.

When mixed form marked combination soak in the folds of the skin with papular lesions bubble-smooth skin.

Severity of disease may be different. Candidiasis of skin easily occur with a small number of elements of rash on the skin (this occurs for most children), the general condition of the child is not disturbed. In severe body surface may be completely amazed. Severe candidiasis more common in premature infants, the disease occurs when this violation of general condition, children are always crying, poor sucking chest, difficulty falling asleep. Often, a fungal skin lesions joins a bacterial infection, which greatly increase the weight of the child. Candidiasis skin in infants is often associated with candidiasis gastrointestinal tract.

Candidiasis of the mucous membranes in newborns

Candidiasis of the mucous membranes of the newborn often begins with the mucous membranes of the oral cavity. At the same time the inside of the cheeks, the lips, gums, tongue, palate appear isolated white grains, their number is growing rapidly, they merge, forming a film that barely removed, leaving portions of mucosal bleeding.

If a child has impaired immunity, the candidiasis spreads to the mucous membrane of the pharynx, esophagus, stomach and intestines. In this case, the child does not eat, vomits often, sometimes it can appear vomiting (vomit may contain curdled clots) and diarrhea.

If it affects the mucous membranes of the genitals they appear similar elements. When Candida conjunctivitis affects the mucosa of the inner surface of the eyelids, it swells, turns red, her also appear white cheesy raids.

The most common lesions of the mucous membranes combined with skin manifestations of candidiasis.

Treatment of candidiasis in infants

The separate small skin lesions can be cured only with the help of external funds. Disseminated skin lesions, as well as in combination with candidiasis lesions localization in addition to any other external funds as prescribed antifungal drugs for internal and intravenous use.

For topical use the antifungal agents in the form of creams and ointments, the choice of which today is large enough, it antifungal antibiotics, azoles and so on.

By antifungal antibiotics Antibiotics - whether they will help you in the foreseeable future?   They include, for example, and nistatinovaya levorinovaya ointment, cream natamycin. The fungi of the genus Candida are very sensitive to these drugs. Effective and pimafutsin cream, it is not absorbed from the skin and enters the bloodstream.

Azole for external application include creams isoconazole, ketoconazole, clotrimazole, miconazole, sertaconazole, econazole. Sertaconazole - A new dual action antifungal agent, it is available as a 2% cream, which is applied to the affected skin twice daily.

In time begun treatment of candidiasis in infants is usually quite rapidly leads to recovery.

Galina Romanenko