Adenoids simplistically called the pharyngeal tonsil, which normally is present in every human being. It starts to operate with the first breath of the child, because the first encounters microorganisms in the environment, and provides them to detect an immune response. Pharyngeal tonsil is located on the rear wall of the nasopharynx and a four - five glandular lobes.

Causes of enlarged adenoids

Enlarged adenoids is OK as a response to exposure to microbes, got on their surface. The more a child is in contact with those suffering people, the more will grow adenoids, providing a fast start the immune response.

Children with severe allergic oriented much more likely to have an increase in adenoid tissue, they have higher numbers of immunoglobulin E, as well as signs of increased permeability of the vascular walls. To increase the adenoids causes unfavorable ecological situation, so children living in big cities, get sick more often, as well as poor diet, with the consumption of excessive amounts of protein products. Pharyngeal tonsil, and increases significantly when an inflammation in itself when developing the so-called adenoids.

Clinical manifestations

• Difficulty breathing through the nose

Due to complete or partial overlapping of the lumen of the nasal passages (choanae), and the degree of difficulty depends on the size of the adenoids Adenoids - the expansion of the pharyngeal tonsil   and anatomical and physiological characteristics of the particular child's nose and throat. The situation is aggravated acceding venous congestion, which often happens in a horizontal position of the child during sleep Dreams: how to understand our dreams And he begins to breathe through the mouth.

• Nasal discharge

Long difficulty of nasal breathing and venous plethora help reduce the protective properties of the nasal mucosa, in connection with which it settled on various microorganisms, which gradually lead to the development of chronic rhinitis and sinusitis, which is manifested persistent muco-purulent nasal passages.

• Snoring

Adenoids block the passage of air through the choanae, which gradually reduces the muscle tone of the nasopharynx, causing them to vibrate during inhalation through the mouth, causing the appearance of snoring and obstructive sleep apnea Stop breathing (apnea) during sleep - upper airway obstruction   (breath), which leads to fatigue, drowsiness, irritability Irritability - you try to control my temper , Reduced attention and memory in children.

• Hearing loss

Mechanical pressure lymphoid tissue enlarged adenoids and swelling of the mucous membrane of the nasopharynx lead to partial or complete overlap of the Eustachian tube, which lowers the pressure in the middle ear and hearing loss appears sound-conducting type.

• Cough

Muco-purulent discharge not only stands out from the nasal passages, and runs down the back of the throat, causing irritation, manifested by a cough.

• Violation of voting

Overgrown adenoids are an obstacle to the passage of the resonant wavelength that is peculiar twang in which especially disturbed pronunciation of sounds "m" and "n" - they are heard as "b" and "d" respectively.

Diagnosis, treatment and prognosis

Diagnosis is made after examination by a doctor, otolaryngologist, with the help of special methods of investigation, on the basis of which is determined by the degree of proliferation of adenoid tissue that has a value in the appointment of treatment, as first and second degree enlarged adenoids can be treated with conservative methods, and higher than the second effective only operational treatment.

Conservative treatment is carried out continuously and gradually.

• Hydration of the nasal mucosa using salt solutions such as akvamaris several times a day.
• Humidification and air purification in the room where the child is.
• Rehabilitation of nasal preparations which will appoint an audiologist. This can be antibacterials, disinfectants for washing nasal, physical therapy, laser therapy and some other means.
• Systematic and restorative breathing exercises.
• Rational hardening, revitalizing treatments, including a trip to the sea, a long rest in an environmentally safe places.

With timely treatment, the prognosis is favorable. In the absence of adequate therapy is developing a specific type of person adenoid - elongated skull bones, expands the bridge, there is abnormal growth of the teeth, mouth half open constantly face puffy, dark circles under the eyes.

Svetlana Shimkovich

Often, seeing a rash on the skin of the child, the parents do not experience anxiety, writing off its appearance at the usual allergies, which will take place by itself. But, unfortunately, allergic rash is very varied, and the emergence of some of its species require immediate treatment.

Eczema

It develops most often in early childhood. It manifested in the initial stage as a reddening of the skin. Usually affects the skin of the face and hands, sometimes can be a different location. If allergen exposure continues, on a background of redness appear microscopic bubbles with serous content, which quickly opened, forming the effect of weeping surface, then dry up, forming crusts.

What to do: identify and eliminate allergens. Treatment of eczema Eczema - is difficult to treat   long, under the supervision of a specialist, since the wrong treatment can form visible defects of the skin. In the currently used zinc paste, Naftalan ointment and other local media. Appointed desensitizing therapy.

Nettle-rash

It may develop at any age. Characterized by pale pink rash in the form of blisters of varying size, towering above the skin and cause severe itching. It appears as a result of food allergies - throughout the body or locally in response to exposure to household chemicals - at the point of contact. If the rash caused dyes in clothing or its composition (eg, wool), the elements of hives will thicken in places more snug clothing to the body.

What to do: avoid contact with the allergen. Give an antihistamine, an appropriate age of the child. Watch, if new elements - seek medical advice.

Angioedema

Sometimes it is called giant rapidly spreading hives. This is a very dangerous condition, especially if developed in the larynx, as it may result in fatal asphyxia. There is a blister, which is within a few minutes significantly increases in size, causing a dense swelling Prevention and treatment of edema - it is important to understand the root cause   skin upon pressure - painless.

What to do: immediately call an ambulance. Hospitalization may not be necessary, but the administration of intravenous or intramuscular injection of desensitizing means necessary.

Urticaria pigmentosa

A variety of systemic mastocytosis is manifested in the form of spots and bumps on the skin, oval, brownish color. If you spot a good rub - it swells, it turns into a blister. Mastocytoma appear when the child is a few months, most of all - two - three.

They accidentally found, when viewed from the parents the baby's skin. Often localized in the back and legs. Single mastocytoma in most cases are not life-threatening, and can spontaneously disappear to early school age.

When systemic mastocytosis Mastocytosis - possible death   elements of the skin combined with the defeat of the internal organs. Therefore, the detection of even a single mastocytoma need to consult a dermatologist for a thorough examination.

What to do: individual (solitary) mastocytoma not require treatment. It is recommended to avoid provoking factors, which include mechanical damage mastocytoma, increased solar radiation, infectious diseases that occur with fever.

Multiple systemic mastocytosis little studied. The treatment is ineffective even by modern methods. The child must be seen by a dermatologist.

Erythema multiforme exudative

Called by various causes, including viral, fungal and bacterial infections, as well as noninfectious (sulfonamides, for example).

The disease can occur in three forms.

• The most favorable - Short Form (type Emblems) - manifested in the appearance of swollen pink round spots and papules the size of a lentil. They gradually grow to 30 millimeters in diameter. At the heart sink, there formed a bubble, which is formed in situ erosion. The process takes a week to a month and a half.
• Most of form - (a syndrome of Steven - Johnson) - is characterized by the acute onset with fever to high numbers and the emergence of a common bubble rash all over the body, including mucous membranes and internal organs. Outlook uncertain, possibly fatal.
• Lyell's syndrome - the most severe form of the disease - begins with high fever, erythematous-bullous lesions. Then there is a diffuse erythema with hemorrhagic shade, painful, which is distributed throughout the body of the patient. A few hours later comes the rejection of the epithelium, and remain extensive bleeding erosion. The forecast is very unfavorable. A very high mortality rate.

What to do: at the slightest suspicion on the development of erythema multiforme exudative Erythema - which means red skin?   - Home visits, followed by hospitalization.

Svetlana Shimkovich