Glaucoma in children is most often the primary or innate. But it can be a consequence of some other eye diseases or general, that is secondary. All kinds of children's glaucoma often subject to surgical treatment, which should be carried out in a timely manner - the only way to save the child vision.

Primary glaucoma in children

Primary glaucoma in children is congenital in nature. However, it can be either inherited or developed as a result of the adverse effects on the organs of vision in utero. It can be various viral infections (especially dangerous rubella), intoxications (smoking, alcohol abuse, a reception of various drugs in the first 12 weeks of pregnancy, the effects of radiation and so on).

As a result of all these reasons, the child is formed malformation of the eye, causing a violation of the outflow of intraocular fluid. The liquid gradually accumulates in the anterior chamber of the eye, causing an increase in intraocular pressure (IOP), and this in turn leads to a stretching of eyes, increase the size of the eyeball, and the expansion of the optic fissure, corneal edema.

Under the influence of high IOP varies the iris (some of its tissue may die out even partially) that leads to expansion and sometimes change in shape of the pupils which thus react to light sluggish. Significant changes may occur in the lens - increased IOP leads to stretching of the ligaments that hold it, they tear, subluxation or dislocation of the lens, in violation of its metabolic processes and the formation of cataracts.

Constant pressure on the optic nerve head leading to its rapid atrophy and formation of blindness.

The sooner the first signs of glaucoma Glaucoma - signs of onset of the disease, advanced and far advanced glaucoma , The harder runs its course. In older children stretching cornea and sclera in glaucoma leads to significant violations of refraction - formation of nearsightedness or farsightedness. Since glaucoma Glaucoma - a perspective possible blindness   usually manifests itself in varying degrees in the right and left eye, such changes may cause strabismus.

Secondary glaucoma in children

Pediatric glaucoma can be secondary. It can develop, for example, after cataract surgery Cataract surgery - surgery   (afakicheskaya glaucoma), and glaucoma may not appear immediately, but after a few years after the operation. To explain the mechanism of glaucoma in this case is not always possible. But in most cases, after the surgery takes place the proliferation of adhesions in the anterior chamber angle. Afaktichekaya glaucoma is difficult to treat and often leads to blindness.

Secondary glaucoma can develop children also in severe retinopathy of prematurity, with significant damage to the retina. The mechanism of this glaucoma is associated with exposure to the eye tissue of many factors, which leads to a violation of the outflow of intraocular fluid and increase in IOP with all its consequences.

Sometimes the child has a congenital abnormality of the lens. Typically, a small spherical lens, which often moves anteriorly. That violates the outflow of intraocular fluid and causes the formation of glaucoma.

In adolescence, secondary glaucoma Secondary glaucoma - against the backdrop of another disease   It may be due to juvenile ksantogranulemy - intraocular benign tumor. Glaucoma is thus a consequence of compression of blood vessels and bleeding. Just as in adults, children glaucoma can develop for inflammatory diseases of the eye, eyeball injuries, degenerative processes.

Diagnosis and treatment of child glaucoma

Manifestations of secondary glaucoma in children is the same as that of the adults, but impairment in children formed will therefore detect glaucoma at an early stage in this age is especially important.

In the diagnosis of children's glaucoma doctors faced with certain difficulties, as many research methods can not be used in children in primary care. In this case the baby is hospitalized, and all the necessary diagnostic procedures are performed under anesthesia.

However, the drug treatment of glaucoma in children successfully used in preparation for the operation to align the IOP in a rehabilitation treatment after surgery.

Surgical treatment of glaucoma and children's choice of the type of surgery depends on the identified congenital or acquired disorders of intraocular fluid.

Galina Romanenko

The problem of infectious diseases in childhood is important. The growing number of diseases contributes to the fact that in childhood the body's defenses are not yet fully developed. Against the background of previous infection can develop sinusitis, most often seen in autumn-winter period. Sinusitis in children should be treated to avoid the serious complications associated with the spread of infection, and the self is categorically inadmissible.

What parents need to know about the causal factors of sinusitis

Any inflammatory process affects the well-being and overall health. Children suffer the most difficult diseases, so an important task for parents is to prevent progression of the disease. If you pay due attention to prevention, it will largely affect the overall incidence and reduce it. Pediatric sinusitis develops after suffering an infectious disease, which can be viral or bacterial origin:

• flu
• SARS
• colds and other infectious diseases, not healed until the end

Any child exposed to colds .  The most important time to hold the cold treatment to the infectious process has not proceeded long .  If the child has a runny nose lasts for more than ten days, it is first necessary to exclude the presence of sinusitis .  In children, yet there was a complete development of the immune system, so the body is easily subject to microbial attack .  Communication in the children's group also contributes to the incidence of diseases .  If you do not strengthen the child's immune system, the risk of developing sinusitis after infection increases many times .  For this purpose, it is recommended to carry out restorative, tempering procedures .  The child has to do morning exercises, exercise .  Swimming, running, gymnastics are excellent sports facilities, which will help improve the health of .  Be sure to walk in the fresh air .  Currently, the child is exposed to high loads, training programs are quite complex, so it is important to organize the day of the child, allow him to rest .  Sleep should be a full, small children should be organized as naps Dreams: how to understand our dreams . Special attention should be given to parents nutrition Proper nutrition - the basic precepts of healthy food   child. Status of intestinal microflora largely determines the state of immunity in general, as intestinal mucosa is a powerful barrier to the spread of infection.

The cause of sinusitis in children can be a disease of the mouth, teeth. It can be not only tooth decay More about caries - take care of your teeth until it's too late As well as various oral diseases, who were not treated in time. The infection is spreading rapidly in the area of ​​the sinuses due to features of the anatomical structure and is the development of an acute infectious process. In this regard, it is important to take your child to the doctor pediatric dentist when the first complaints, not to self-medicate. If your mouth is sanitized, then there will be no source of infection, it is possible to eliminate the cause of odontogenic sinusitis in the future.

In what form can occur sinusitis

Inflammation in the sinuses may be unilateral, as well as to proceed with bilateral lesions of the sinuses. There are several variants of the sinusitis, which differ in clinical manifestations and duration of the disease:

• acute form. The disease develops suddenly, sharply, against the background of overall health and duration lasts up to four weeks
• subacute form lasts from four to eight weeks
• chronic form. The disease becomes protracted and may continue for up to eight weeks or more. Chronic sinusitis may occur several years after acute illness, with the provoking factor is the fact often hypothermia. In chronic sinusitis often leads to various complications in the internal organs, as it becomes a hotbed of infection
• relapsing form, which is characterized by repetition of episodes of sinusitis in the course of the year several times

A characteristic feature of childhood is that the final formation of the sinus occurs only to the age of seven years. When inflammation in the acute form first affected ethmoid sinus, and then the process proceeds to the sinuses to the development of sinusitis. If at this stage of the infectious process extends further, it will damage the development of the sinuses polisinusita. Sinuses themselves have sufficient size, but their excretory opening sinuses which open into the nasal cavity, small. With the development of inflammation of mucous swelling occurs, which leads to blockage of outlet holes and accumulation of contents in sinus cavities.

By reducing the flow of immunity occurs microorganisms in sinus. Inflammation is the cause of violations of ventilation of the sinuses. Blockage pin holes leads to a temporary isolation sinus mucus accumulates in it and this soil actively breed pathogens. Reproduction of bacteria in the end is the cause of purulent inflammation. This mechanism of inflammation explains why first aid for sinusitis in a child should be normalized outflow content. If you remove the swelling of the mucous, then through the open exhaust opening will be cleaning sinuses. It is a mistake to think that the vasoconstrictor nasal drops Vasoconstrictor nose drops - use with caution!   They are safe for children. Appointment drops should be done only after an expert examination of the child taking into account his age and the severity of the disease. Wrong choice of the drug may cause a transition of the disease into a chronic form.