Pemphigus - a rare skin condition that is characterized by the appearance of the skin and mucous membranes of the bubbles. It can occur at any age, but most often affects middle-aged and elderly. The most common form of pemphigus is pemphigus vulgaris. As a rule, it is a chronic disease and to effectively control its flow requires early diagnosis and initiation of treatment. The therapy can be applied drugs similar to those used for the treatment of severe burns.

Symptoms

The bubbles that appear on the skin and mucous membranes in patients with pemphigus, easily broken, leaving an open wound from which oozing liquid. Sometimes these pathogens enter the wound. Pemphigus Symptoms may vary depending on the type of disease.

• Pemphigus vulgaris. In this disease bubbles first appear, usually in the mouth, and then - on the skin and sometimes to the mucous membranes of the genitals. Bubbles painful, but does not cause itching. Because of bubbles in the mouth can be difficult to swallow.
• Pemphigus the leaf does not usually affects the mucous membranes. The first blisters usually appear on the face and scalp, and then - on the chest and back. They often burst, covered by crust and cause itching.
• Paraneoplastic pemphigus. This form pemphigus associated with certain types of cancer. It is characterized by painful blisters in the oral cavity and on the lips, as well as in the esophagus and skin. In some cases, when such bubbles appear pemphigus and then open wounds on the lungs, causing a progressive disease of the lungs, due to which the patient is suffering from regular dyspnea.

See your doctor as soon as you notice the first bubbles on the skin or in the mouth. If you have been diagnosed with pemphigus, and you are being treated, contact your doctor if the following symptoms:

• The emergence of new bubbles
• The rapid spread of bubbles
• Fever
• Chills
• Muscle pain and / or joints

Causes

It is not known what triggers pemphigus, but this autoimmune disorder. When pemphigus immune system mistakenly produces antibodies that attack healthy cells of the skin and mucous membranes. In most cases, these antibodies attack desmogleins proteins that bind to the skin cells with each other. The result is a bundle of the upper layer of the skin - the epidermis. The process of destruction of intercellular connections of the upper layer of the skin called acantholysis.

Sometimes pemphigus develops as a side effect of taking certain medications, such as drugs used to control blood pressure, or chelating agents. Symptoms usually disappear a pemphigus soon after the patient stops taking the drug.

If paraneoplastic pemphigus produced more antibodies than those observed in patients with other forms of the disease. It develops in patients with cancer, usually leukemia or lymphoma. If the patient has not been diagnosed with cancer, he saw signs paraneoplastic pemphigus, the doctor usually appoints an additional inspection to detect possible malignant tumors.

Complications

Among the possible complications of pemphigus:

• Skin infections
• Infections that spread to different organs and affect the blood (sepsis)
• Side effects associated with the intake of medicines by pemphigus - such as an increased risk of infection
• In rare cases, death from infection

Treatment

If symptoms of pemphigus not spread to large areas of skin may outpatient treatment. Usually mild forms of pemphigus are treated with the following medications:

• Corticosteroids, such as prednisone, are usually elected by the main method of treatment of pemphigus. However, the use of corticosteroids for a long time and / or in large doses, can cause severe side effects, including increased blood sugar Blood sugar - a very important indicator , Bone loss, and increased risk of infection, stagnant water, cataracts Cataracts - how to solve the problem completely? , Glaucoma Glaucoma - a perspective possible blindness   and a redistribution of fat in the body that gives rise to symptoms such as moon face.
• Immunosuppresanty such as azathioprine (azathioprine), methotrexate (revmatreks) or mycophenolate mofetil Cellcept), suppress the immune system attacks The immune system - how it works?   healthy tissue. These drugs have serious side effects, including an increased risk of infections.
• Antibiotics, antivirals and antifungals discharged to prevent infections, in particular those which can cause aureus and herpes viruses.

Scabies mites are the causative agents of mange. Usually, they settle on the first part of the host's body with the least thick hair. In humans, they can select a location between the fingers on the back of the knees, and so on, animals itch mites inhabit the eye, ear, nose, on the internal side of the thigh, and so on. Once they are comfortable, mites can spread to all parts of the body.

Description

Adult itch mite. In adult ticks round body from 0 3 to 0 5 mm in diameter, and four pairs of short legs. The first two pairs of legs in females, and the first, second and fourth pairs of legs in males, there are long sucker.

Eggs are oval scabies mites, small - a length of about 0, 2 mm.

In white, round itch mite larvae are only three pairs of legs. They are too small to be seen by the naked eye, the diameter of the body is not more than 0.2 mm.

Young itch mites, or nymphs, too white and round; they have four pairs of legs. Nymphs only slightly less than the adult mites.

Biology

Distribution. Itch mites live wherever they have the potential owners. Infection most commonly occurs in the fall or spring.

The home team. Each type of scabies mites chooses certain hosts. Among mammals, which settles this parasite - horses, cattle, pigs, dogs, rabbits, sheep and people. Ticks are transferred from one animal species to an animal of another species, they can not survive or die shortly, although before death can cause some inconveniences.

Life cycle. As a rule, itch mites spend their entire lives on a single host. However, they can survive in damp places without a host for four to six weeks. In such cases, the temperature is an important factor in their survival as itch mites are most adapted to the normal body temperature of the host.

Unfertilized adult females itch mite make moves in a thickened, rough skin. Then they return to the surface and mate. After a few hours already fertilized females begin to lay eggs done in the skin moves. Eggs laid at intervals of two to three days lasts for about a month or more. One female lays 10-25 eggs every two weeks; but less than 10% of the eggs become adult itch mites.

After three to five days, the eggs appear microscopic larvae. They either remain in done in the skin moves, or settle in the hair follicles, where two or three days later they become nymphs. Nymphs become adults mites in four to six days, and the life cycle is repeated. The new generation of mites can reproduce approximately every two weeks.

The movement of scabies mite in the skin, as well as its eggs and waste, causing local inflammation. This allergic reaction Allergic reactions: how to understand why you tickle in the throat That leads to Villeneuve itching and rashes. People who have never had scabies Scabies - when overwhelmed by ticks , Allergic reaction develops within six weeks. Those who are ill with scabies is not the first time the rash appears a few days later. On average, one infected person has only a few adult female itch mite.

Itch mite is easily transmitted through physical contact with an infected, as well as through a variety of subjects. For example, if an infected person combing the affected skin, ticks may remain under his fingernails and then spread, for example, through the furniture, keyboard, and so on.

Diagnostics

Diagnosis of infection with the scabies is simple and usually does not require a lot of time. For the treatment used various means, as a rule, non-prescription; with a very strong itching doctor may recommend a short course of taking antihistamines. To reduce the likelihood of relapse, it is necessary to do a thorough cleaning of the house, and pet owners - to reduce their pets to the vet.