Antibiotics chloramphenicol

Antibiotics chloramphenicol are broad-spectrum antibiotics. They are effective against many Gram-positive (a hard shell that holds a special Gram stain) and gram (less dense environment that the Gram stain does not hold) the bacteria, large viruses (eg, trachoma pathogens). Antibiotics of this group inhibit the activity of microorganisms that are resistant to penicillin. Not too active antibiotics of this group against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and protozoa.

The mechanism of action of antibiotics chloramphenicol group is to suppress the synthesis of proteins of infectious agents that suspend their reproduction (bacteriostatic effect). Drug resistance of microorganisms to these drugs develops slowly.

Chloramphenicol Antibiotics are very effective, but they have a number of side effects. If ingestion may cause nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, various skin rashes, irritation around the anus, have toxic effects on the hematopoietic system, cause a variety of mental disorders, hearing loss and vision, the suppression of vital functions of normal intestinal flora, the development of dysbiosis, secondary fungal infection Fungal infection: to prevent and defeat   and so on.

Due to the large number of side effects of the drug chloramphenicol group today mostly used externally.

How does sintomitsinovaja ointment

Sintomitsina (INN - chloramphenicol) - a group of antibiotic chloramphenicol. The current starting sintomitsina also chloramphenicol. Since the use of sintomitsina may be accompanied by the same complications as the treatment of chloramphenicol, as well as severe mental disorders (anxiety, excitement and so on), it is administered only topically, often in the form of liniments.

Sintomitsinovoy ointment commonly referred to 1%, 5% or 10% liniment (emulsion) sintomitsina which incorporates sintomitsina, castor oil, a special emulsifier, preservative and distilled water. Liniment is white or slightly yellow color and a faint scent of a kind. When applied to the affected skin, he actively suppresses the livelihoods of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and other microorganisms sensitive to it. But one of the conditions for successful treatment is a preliminary microbiological testing of biological material taken from a lesion on the identification of the pathogen and its sensitivity to antibiotics.

Indications and contraindications for use liniment sintomitsina

Liniment sintomitsina used strictly prescribed by a doctor and after a preliminary study of the biological material on the sensitivity to antibiotics in the treatment of the following diseases:

• when pustular skin lesions, including for abrasions and carbuncles;
• purulent wounds resulting from injuries and surgical interventions;
• in the treatment of nonhealing burns, venous ulcers and bedsores - the treatment and prevention of septic complications;
• when cracked nipples Cracked nipples - how to prepare for feeding the child?   among women in childbirth;
• in the treatment of trachoma.

Contraindications for the purpose liniment sintomitsina are:

• hypersensitivity to the liniment sintomitsina;
• lack of laboratory analysis confirming the sensitivity of the pathogens to the antibiotic Antibiotics - whether they will help you in the foreseeable future? ;
• fungal diseases of the skin;
• psoriasis;
• eczema;
• suppression of bone marrow hematopoiesis;
• severe renal dysfunction and liver;
• pregnancy;
• the neonatal period (up to four weeks of life).

Dosing liniment sintomitsina

Liniment sintomitsina applied to the affected skin or wound. You can apply liniment-soaked gauze. Thereafter, the wound bandage. Dressings carried out once a day or less, there may be interruptions to 5 days - a decision on the frequency of dressing takes a doctor.

When they cracked nipples after each feeding baby Breastfeeding - a personal choice   first washed with a disinfectant solution, and then applied on the crack sterile cloth, coated with a liniment. Healing occurs very quickly, usually for 3-5 days. During treatment, breast-feeding is not interrupted, but before breast-feeding should be washed thoroughly.

Liniment sintomitsina - an excellent tool for the treatment of skin infections.

Galina Romanenko

Antibiotics macrolide

Antibiotics macrolide in their impact on infectious agents are similar to penicillin, which makes it possible to use them if the patient is allergic to penicillin. Macrolides can be natural (natural) origin (e.g., erythromycin, which is isolated fungi), can be artificial (synthetic) or semisynthetic. The latter are obtained by small changes in the chemical structure of natural macrolides. It semisynthetic macrolides have recently been significant distribution (for example, roxithromycin and clarithromycin).

Antibiotics macrolide non-toxic and exhibit greater activity against gram-positive bacteria (bacteria which have dense and well capsule holding special coloring - Gram) and intracellular bacteria such as Chlamydia, Mycoplasma, Ureaplasma and so on.

Erythromycin ointment and its effect on the human body

Erythromycin ointment contains a macrolide antibiotic erythromycin and available in aluminum tubes of 3, 7, 10, 15 and 30 In 1 g of ointment contains 10 000 IU of erythromycin.

Erythromycin - a natural macrolide antibiotic mechanism of action is based on a breach of protein production in bacterial cells. In normal therapeutic doses erythromycin bacteriostatic effect (suspends reproduction of microorganisms), and in higher doses - bactericidal action, i.e. kills microorganisms which exhibit sensitivity to it. Erythromycin is also able to exert an anti-inflammatory effect.

Erythromycin sensitivity often manifest different types of staphylococci and streptococci, Chlamydia Chlamydia: insidious and widespread disease , Mycoplasma, ureaplasma, diphtheria, pertussis This pest, pest whooping ...   and some other microorganisms. Negative properties of erythromycin is that it quickly develops addictive infectious agents that requires a change of antibiotic.

All the positive and negative properties of erythromycin are taken into account when appointing its externally as an ointment. Ointment very little is absorbed into the blood, and that which is absorbed enters the tissue is then decomposed by the liver and excreted in feces and urine.

Indications and contraindications for use

Indications for use erythromycin ointment are the following diseases caused by sensitive to erythromycin infectious agents:

• various infections of the mucous membranes, including conjunctivitis and trachoma;
• pustular skin disorders, including acne Acne: facial trouble   (in combination with means inhibits the activity of the sebaceous glands);
• infected wounds arising from injuries or operations;
• bedsores (necrosis or necrosis) formed in critically ill patients with prolonged lying in the same position;
• severe burns (II and III degree) to which the infection and to prevent infection of accession;
• sores caused in violation of metabolic processes in the tissues due to the breach of their blood supply (for example, physiotherapists) - for the treatment and prevention of infection with ulcers.

Contraindications for the purpose erythromycin ointment is idiosyncrasy of components of the ointment, numbness infectious agents erythromycin, pregnancy and lactation Breast-feeding: feed - and no nails!   Child (erythromycin can cross the placental barrier and is excreted in human milk).

How to use erythromycin ointment

Erythromycin ointment is applied in the following manner:

• in diseases of the eye small amount of ointment lay with a special glass spatula for the upper or lower eyelid; in the ordinary conjunctivitis do it 3 times a day, with trachoma - 4-5 times; treatment of common HIV - up to 8 weeks, with trachoma - up to 4 months;
• skin diseases ointment applied to the affected skin 2-3 times a day until complete disappearance of the rash;
• with burns and trophic ulcers to prevent infection ointment applied to the affected area 2-3 times a week.

Side effects that may occur in the application of erythromycin ointment - it is an allergic reaction (rash, urticaria), rarely - skin irritation. But usually the ointment is well tolerated.

Erythromycin is non-toxic and quite effective when properly used antibiotic.

Galina Romanenko