Tuberculosis of the intestine is often a part of a larger tuberculous lesions - abdominal tuberculosis. Abdominal tuberculosis involves inflammation of tuberculosis nature of the gastrointestinal tract, peritoneum, mesenteric lymph nodes and retroperitoneum, liver, spleen and pancreas.
Intestinal tuberculosis - as it develops
Tuberculosis of the intestine usually takes place against the background of an already existing tuberculosis, often, pulmonary tuberculosis, mediastinal lymph nodes in an inactive stage, as well as tuberculosis of the spine
Tuberculosis of the spine - especially manifestations
and urinary organs. The infection gets into the intestinal wall to the bloodstream or lymphatic system. You can also become infected, using a food milk from cows infected with tuberculosis.
Tuberculosis in the gut often localized in the ileum (the lower part of the small intestine) and the blind (the initial part of the colon) intestines. In the small intestine tuberculosis
Tuberculosis - a full recovery is not guaranteed
It occurs in the form of ulcer process, proliferation of granulation tissue (hypertrophic form), and the formation of stenosis (narrowing of the lumen of the intestine resistant).
Tuberculosis begins bowel lymph system of the intestinal wall, where there are ulcers which often are located around the entire circumference of the intestinal wall. Then the inflammation spreads to nearby lymph nodes. In serous (outer) shell in the projection of ulcer formed tuberculous granulomas (fresh growths of the connective tissue). Starting a local peritonitis (inflammation of the serous membrane) and the active formation of adhesions.
If perforation of the intestinal wall develops diffuse peritonitis. Adhesive process leads to the formation of encysted abscesses. Formation of scars in the intestinal wall at the site of ulcers results in deformation and disruption of intestinal digestion.
Symptoms of intestinal tuberculosis
In tuberculosis of the intestine is affected first, the cecum, and the first signs of illness does not manifest itself, but sometimes it may appear recurrent cramping pain in the right iliac region, as well as constipation and diarrhea. These symptoms are similar to symptoms of chronic appendicitis. The disease occurs in waves, but gradually showing signs of partial intestinal obstruction, weight loss, low temperature rise.
Tuberculosis of the intestine may be complicated by a partial or complete intestinal obstruction, the development of adhesions between loops of the intestine, perforation of the intestinal wall with the development of peritonitis.
Diagnosis of intestinal tuberculosis
To suspect the diagnosis of tuberculosis of the intestine can be based on the specific complaints of the patient in conjunction with pulmonary tuberculosis or other bodies, as well as if the patient was in contact with open pulmonary tuberculosis patients and has a positive Mantoux test.
It confirms the diagnosis by means of radiological and endoscopic examinations of the intestine. X-ray examination revealed changes in the intestinal wall and the violation of its functions. Endoscopic examinations (colonoscopy) allow to consider in detail the state of the intestinal wall, including ulcerative processes to identify and take the material for histological and microbiological studies.
Tuberculosis of the intestine and peritoneum
In tuberculosis intestinal inflammation can spread to the peritoneum inflammation in otroy almost always secondary. There are the following forms of tuberculosis of the peritoneum: exudative, dry (the adhesive or adhesive), nodular-tumor and caseous and ulcerative. Serous peritoneal tuberculosis usually develops during perforation of the intestinal wall and is limited or diffuse peritonitis. Thus on peritoneal nodules can form granulomas, merging in tumor formation (transition exudative in nodular-tumor). After resolution of inflammation in the peritoneal cavity are spikes (dry form). In addition, when ulcer perforation of the intestine ulcerative tubercular process can spread to the peritoneum (caseous-ulcerous form).
Patients suffering from tuberculosis of the peritoneum, complain of dull or cramping abdominal pain
Abdominal pain: Types and Symptoms
, Malaise, sweetness, weight loss, diarrhea, constant low-grade fever.
Treatment of tuberculosis of the intestine
The only effective treatment for tuberculosis
Treatment of tuberculosis - a lengthy process and requires constant monitoring
intestine is a specific antibiotic therapy, treatment should be administered promptly and continued for at least 10-12 months.
Of great importance is also good nutrition, symptomatic therapy is associated with digestive disorders. In severe complications (perforation of the intestinal wall, intestinal obstruction, etc.) surgical treatment.
Tuberculosis bowel requires timely detection and treatment, as it can give serious complications.
Galina Romanenko