This disease in recent years has become increasingly common and is usually not isolated condition, a common manifestation of digestive organs candidiasis caused by fungi are usually yeast genus Candida, living in the intestine.

Causes of

Esophageal candidiasis - is one manifestation of the general candidiasis of the digestive system caused by the yeast genus Candida. The source of infection is often the intestines, where the majority of people there are fungi of the genus Candida in the composition of pathogenic microflora. The volume of the population of these fungi is rapidly increasing with decreasing immunity Immunity - types and characteristics in children in adults   or the suppression of normal intestinal microflora. This leads to the development of intestinal dysbiosis Dysbacteriosis - what brings self   and move it to other digestive organs, including the esophagus.

Esophageal candidiasis can start and getting infections from the outside, such as contact with sick candidiasis or by eating contaminated vegetables and fruits. But it also requires a violation of immunity, so this type of infection is characterized by small children and immunocompromised patients.

The structural features of the esophageal mucosa such that this body develops mainly invazivanye (penetrating into the wall of the esophagus) forms of candidiasis. In the initial stage of infection diseases only penetrates the mucous membrane of the esophagus, and then captures all its deeper layers forming characteristic whitish-yellow film. Sometimes the film completely cover the lumen of the esophagus. On the wall of the esophagus are formed areas of necrosis, sometimes - ulcers and cellulitis (a consequence of additional bacterial infection).

Manifestation

For esophageal candidiasis is characterized by a mismatch severity of the disease, the destruction of the wall of the esophagus and feeling sick. Nearly a third of patients do not have any symptoms of the disease, they do not feel sick. Most often it happens when significant immunodeficiency.

But most patients still complain. The main complaint with candidiasis of the esophagus is a complaint of swallowing disorders (dysphagia) or pain with swallowing (odynophagia). Such disorders can be either minor or very pronounced, with complete failure to take food or even water, which leads to dehydration.

Sometimes these patients appear as heartburn, nausea Nausea - there may be problems with the nervous system , Vomiting (in the vomit, you can see the characteristic white film). Because esophageal candidiasis - is usually a manifestation of candidiasis of the gastrointestinal tract, the patient may receive loose stools with mucus and blood and fever. These patients are usually quickly reduced body weight, loss of appetite. Often they develop thrush - candidiasis of the oral mucosa.

Complications of esophageal candidiasis are less frequent than with intestinal candidiasis. Much rarer are perforation, bleeding from the blood vessels of the esophagus, the development of ulcers and tissue necrosis.

Diagnostics

If the patient has candidiasis bowel while he complains of a violation of swallowing and painful swallowing, it is required to examine to identify esophageal candidiasis. To do this, carry out X-ray of the esophagus with contrast medium, endoscopic examination of the esophagus using a special optical equipment, which allows to consider in detail the mucous membrane of the body (esophagoscopy).

For rapid diagnosis of esophageal candidiasis without endoscopy using special research methods with the introduction of instruments through the nose or mouth through a protective catheter. At the same time the instruments are fingerprints, which are then explored in cytology laboratories. It is also possible microbiological research - seeding of mucus from the esophagus to the culture media to identify the pathogen and its sensitivity to antifungal drugs. Checks and immune status of the patient.

Treatment

Treatment of esophageal candidiasis is conducted with the help of antifungal agents and immunostimulants. Antifungal drugs are prescribed in strict compliance with laboratory data and identify them sensitive pathogens.

Immunostimulants should also be appointed only after the detection of violations of the immune system The immune system - how it works? Since these drugs may affect different parts of immunity.

If any signs of esophageal candidiasis is very important to identify and treat candidiasis other digestive organs. Without it, get rid of candida is impossible. And as the disease often goes unnoticed, it created a high risk of candidiasis identify other digestive organs in an advanced stage.

Galina Romanenko

Lactase deficiency or lactose intolerance in children is a serious disorder. In adults, it manifests a variety of unpleasant symptoms, for which a person may not even realize that he enzyme deficiency, writing off its malaise to other diseases, such as allergies, gastritis, gastric ulcer and duodenal ulcers, nervous disorders, goiter Dysbacteriosis - what brings self .

Etiology and pathogenesis

Lactose intolerance is widespread in the world, although its incidence in different countries is very different. Lactase deficiency can be congenital or acquired.

Congenital lactase deficiency develops as genetically determined reduction of the enzyme lactase in the intestinal lumen and divided by the total absence of the enzyme and partial, which determines the clinical picture of a pathological condition.

Acquired lactase deficiency is divided into primary and secondary.

Primary is associated with reduced activity of the enzyme itself - the so-called constitutional lactase deficiency.

Resale associated with damage to the enterocytes of the intestine caused by both acute and chronic conditions, such as celiac disease or intestinal infections Celiac disease - not quite intestinal pathology . Secondary lactase deficiency can cause prolonged starvation, and unbalanced diet.

Clinical symptoms and diagnosis

Full lactase deficiency in adults is most often manifested osmotic diarrhea - after ingestion of foods containing lactose, appears loose stools, frequent, frothy, sour smell.

However, more often lactase deficiency is partial and its degree of manifestation is directly proportional to the lactase deficiency in the lumen of the intestine, therefore the symptoms can be different - from mild bloating Flatulence - when you need to worry about? To which many do not pay attention to severe abdominal distention Bloating - if you are bursting inside   and spilled abdominal pain.

Diagnosis lactase deficiency presents some difficulties due to the lack of vigilance among doctors, especially when the patient is no clear link between the intake of dairy products and the development of characteristic symptoms.

Lactase deficiency can be confirmed clinically by dietodiagnostiki when the patient to the exclusion of lactose product feels good, and vice versa, for a load receiving dairy products starting to feel much worse.

Used method for determining the pH of feces, which is normally above 5, 5, and decreases with lactase deficiency. A common method of diagnosis is to identify the carbohydrates in the feces. Normally, in adults, they are absent.

It is used as the method of determination of labeled carbon dioxide in the exhaled air, which detects the activity of lactose fermentation microflora after the use of the patient labeled lactose.

Treatment lactase deficiency

Treatment of lactase deficiency in adults is the correct diet.

In severe, you can use no more than one gram of lactose per day, and with moderate - to ten. When selecting products, you need to consider two measures: the lactose content in them, and the total amount of which is to be consumed.

The dishes that contain lactose, are better absorbed in combination with other products, as more food passes more slowly through the intestinal tube thus lactase molecules have more time to break down lactose.

It should also be borne in mind that products having contrasting temperatures cause more discomfort, so the preference should be given to warm food.

The large amount of lactose present in milk and milk products, but in small quantities, which is sufficient for the development of symptoms, lactose contained in other foods such as meats, chocolates, sweetened condensed milk, semi-finished products, bakery products and concentrates.

Svetlana Shimkovich