Ovarian Cysts - normal or dangerous? - Causes

Causes of ovarian cysts

Cyst - a fluid-filled build-up, structure similar to a blister. Some cysts are formed as a result of the normal process of ovulation - the monthly release of an egg from the ovary. Abnormal cysts often appear as a result of hormonal imbalances (balance of the female hormone estrogen Estrogen - the key to bone health   and progesterone, which are produced by the ovaries).

Every month during the menstrual cycle in the ovary developing follicle - education, in which the egg develops and from which it exits at ovulation. If the follicle is not disclosed, and does not release an egg, the follicle remains in the liquid - and thus formed an ovarian cyst, known as well as the follicular cyst.

Another type of functionality to an ovarian cyst - a cyst of the corpus luteum of the ovary - is formed after the egg is released from the ovary. In such cysts also contains liquid, in some cases with the admixture of a small amount of blood.

Ovarian cyst - a phenomenon more than common, especially in women of childbearing age (in the period between puberty Puberty child - stages of a complex path   and menopause). Functional ovarian cysts are found, according to statistics, at seven per cent of women of childbearing age and menopausal women. After menopause, ovarian cysts are very rare. Formation of cysts does not depend on the health of the woman and her age and is associated only with the flow of the menstrual cycle.

It must be remembered that functional ovarian cysts and cysts are formed due to various diseases such as polycystic ovaries, their properties and effects on the woman's body are quite different. Receiving drugs that stimulate a woman's ability to conceive and is used to treat infertility, can cause ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome, accompanied by the formation of cysts in the ovaries of a plurality of large size. These cysts usually disappear after the onset of the next menstrual period or after pregnancy.

One of the most common causes of ovarian cyst - functional impairment associated with the natural mechanism of the menstrual cycle. This reason is characteristic of so-called functional cysts - ovarian follicular cysts and corpus luteum cysts Corpus luteum cyst - when hormonal changes   ovary. Follicular ovarian cyst is formed on the basis of the follicle - the fluid-filled education, where the egg matures. This type of cyst is formed when the follicle grows larger than the norm during the menstrual cycle and can not be opened, releasing the egg. Typically, ovarian follicular cysts disappear on their own within a few days or weeks. Cyst of the corpus luteum of the ovary is formed already after a mature egg follicles left. After ovulation, the ovarian corpus luteum is formed - a temporary endocrine gland that produces hormones to prepare the uterus for pregnancy. If pregnancy does not occur, the corpus luteum disappears or independently (in most cases), or filled with blood fluid and converted into ovarian cyst. Typically, these cysts affect only one ovary and do not cause any symptoms.

The main risk factors that increase the likelihood of the formation of ovarian cysts include:

• Diseases that violate hormonal balance, the administration of drugs that stimulate the production of hormones and is used to treat infertility
• The second trimester of pregnancy, when the level of the hormone human chorionic gonadotropin highest
• Hypothyroidism also causes hormonal imbalance
• Smoking
• Menstrual irregularities (irregular menstruation)
• Earlier, the beginning of the menstrual cycle (at eleven years of age or earlier)
• Drug treatment of cancer Cancer Treatment - difficult, but necessary   Breast
• Any operations on the organs of the female reproductive system

Follicular cyst

There are several types of ovarian cysts, and they begin to be formed in different circumstances.

This is the most common type of ovarian cysts. Ovaries - the two small organs that are part of the female reproductive system. Normally, every month the ovary releases an egg, which moves in the fallopian tubes to the uterus; During this period it may occur fertilization.

Oocytes are formed in tiny structures located inside the ovary - follicles. Within each follicle contains fluid, which should protect the egg during its growth. When ovulation occurs, the follicle ruptures and the fluid flows out. However, in some cases, does not release follicle egg or egg after release it remains intact. Such follicle may begin to increase in proportion as it will accumulate more fluid. This is called a follicular neoplasm ovarian cysts.

Usually at the same time there is only one cyst, and often it disappears without treatment within a few weeks.

The main reasons for the formation of these and other types of ovarian cysts are considered to hormonal fluctuations. It is expected that at some period of life cysts occur in most women, but because they usually do not cause any symptoms, many women may never even know.

The luteal cyst

Luteal cysts are less common follicular. They are formed when the structure remains in place follicle after the release of the egg (it is called the corpus luteum), fills with blood. Luteal cyst usually disappears on its own after a few months, but in some cases it may rupture, causing internal bleeding and severe pain.

Pathological cysts

• Dermoid cyst

It is the most common type of ovarian cysts in women under the age of forty years. Dermoid cysts formed from cells that are normally used to create egg. Since ova cells have the ability to create any type (because of their potential to develop into a human body), dermoid cysts may consist of a variety of tissue types - including, fat or bone. In addition, dermoid cysts can grow to very large sizes; times their diameter is 15 cm. Such tumors are rarely malignant, but, nevertheless, advisable to remove surgically.

• Cystadenoma

Cystadenoma are most common in women over forty years. They are formed from the cells, forming the upper surface of the ovaries. There mucinous and serous cystadenoma. The former can grow very large (up to 30 cm in diameter), resulting in a strong pressure on the other abdominal organs, such as bladder or intestine. Therefore, common symptoms of mucinous cystadenoma are digestive problems and frequent urination. Large cystadenoma this type can rupture and cause internal bleeding, or restrict the flow of blood to the ovaries.

Serous cystadenoma rarely grow large and cause any discomfort only in the event of breakage.

Diseases which may cause ovarian cysts

• Endometriosis

Endometriosis - uterine tissue growth outside, in other abdominal organs. When cellular proliferation in the endometrium ovary formed so called endometriotic cysts, usually filled with a thick, dark brown bloody substance (due brownish liquid such cysts called "chocolate").

• Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

Polycystic ovaries - a condition that causes the formation in the ovaries of a large number of small, harmless cysts. Cysts are formed when the balance of hormones produced by the ovaries, broken.