Regular gynecological examination - an important part of medical care. Preventive gynecological examination Gynecological examination: an important component of women's health   very important for the health and well-being of women. With adolescence, when the first menstruation (menarche), and to the very old age when menstruation stops (menopause or menopause), gynecological examination is required for every woman, as to prevent and detect serious diseases of the reproductive system.

From the health of these organs depends on sexuality, fertility and pregnancy and childbirth, as well as the health of future children, about which you may have not thought yet. Health reproductive organs reduces the risk of complications during pregnancy and childbirth. Comprehensive gynecological examination should be performed before pregnancy, before you conceive. Woman and gynecologist should learn as much as possible about the state of her health to advance to plan and prepare for a healthy pregnancy and a healthy baby.

When to undergo gynecological examination?

The first gynecological examination should go up to 18 years, or earlier in the following cases:

• If you run (or are about to start) sexually active
• If you have menstrual disorders or painful menstruation
• If you notice at vaginal discharge with an unpleasant odor
• If you plan to become pregnant
• If you have not started menstruating, and other signs of maturation (breasts and pubic hair) has appeared

The frequency of visits to the gynecologist is dependent on the program developed by the physician caring for the sexual organs. As a rule, gynecological examination should take place at least once a year. Naturally, in the case of an emergency or a possible onset of symptoms of gynecological diseases, you should immediately consult a doctor.

Why do I need a survey?

Routine inspection allows the physician to assess the state of your overall health. In addition, it helps to identify the causes of various diseases disorders such as uterine bleeding Uterine bleeding outside of menstruation - a sign of a serious breach   or vaginal discharge Vaginal discharge: normal or disease? , Diseases of the urinary and digestive tract, abdominal pain, or back pain, infertility and sexual disorders. The survey consists of studying the patient's history and his family history, physical examination, laboratory tests passing, their interpretation and counseling.

Medical checkup

Medical examination of the genital organs and the whole body is performed gynecologist. Typically, the inspection starts with checking the weight and blood pressure. By the way, the pressure should be measured regularly, because high blood pressure often does not manifest itself, and does not affect the state of health of the person. Meanwhile, high pressure gives too much strain on the heart and circulatory system, and, if left untreated, can lead to kidney damage or cerebral apoplexy. Also gynecologist examines the chest and abdomen.

The gynecologist feels the breasts to detect signs of lumps or cysts. Professional breast examination is performed in addition to regular inspection, that a woman should perform yourself. To detect breast cancer at an early stage also helps one simple test. The doctor has a chest of a heat-sensitive soft lining of about twenty minutes. These gaskets determine subtle changes in temperature of the breast tissue. Since the blood flow to the cancerous tumor amplified, its temperature will be slightly higher, and detects the gasket. This is followed carefully probe the mammary gland, the temperature of which is higher.

Pap smear

Also during the gynecological examination the doctor takes the analysis of the Pap smear. This cotton swab How to use sanitary pad - basic precautions   or applicator is taken a few cells of the uterus and vagina. It is a painless procedure that does not cause discomfort. Then smear sent to the laboratory for the detection of atypical cells because abnormal cells can be a sign of the early stage of cancer. While in the womb sometimes find abnormal cells, they are not always a sign of incipient cancer - it can develop and ten years after the survey. The Pap test can detect cancer at an early stage, before it captures the deeper tissues. Detection of cancer at an early stage increases the likelihood of successful treatment.

Pap smear should be performed during each gynecological examination, as it helps to determine the state of women's reproductive health. The first Pap test should be done before the age of 18 or during the beginning of active sexual life. According to the majority of gynecologists, women should take Pap test at least once a year. If the results of at least one analysis of the Pap smear are abnormal smear should take more than once a year.

Fence smears and other tests (such as blood and urine tests), along with a Pap smear, as an integral part of a gynecological examination. Also, special surveys are carried out, for example, X-ray and mammography (breast x-rays), bone density checks and tests for infection.

Follicular cysts are formed from follicles. Within each of the normal menstrual cycle, which does not affect, for example, using hormonal contraceptive tablets Hormonal birth control pills - a modern method of preventing preg , One of the follicles of the ovaries matures one egg. If all goes well, at some point the follicle ruptures, releasing the egg, which goes down the fallopian tubes into the uterus.

At the site of the follicle forms the corpus luteum or luteal body, which produces progesterone Progesterone - norm and pathology Until you begin menstruating, or if a pregnancy until the placenta is formed, which can itself produce enough progesterone. Sometimes the follicle ruptures, the egg is still inside, and formed follicular cyst.

This happens often and such cysts usually disappear even without treatment within a few weeks or months. Moreover, in most cases, women do not feel either that they had a follicular cyst, or that she was gone.

Symptoms

In most cases, follicular cysts do not cause any symptoms. However, sometimes the signs that there are cysts in the ovaries are delayed menstruation Delayed menstruation - when to sound the alarm?   (or delayed for several months), and / or pain in the lower abdomen.

The pain may be caused by an increase in the size of follicular cysts, bleeding, rupture. In addition, the pain may occur when pressure on the brush during sexual intercourse, as well as, if the cyst is twisted fallopian tubes.

Other symptoms of ovarian follicular cysts can be:

• Swelling in the lower abdomen
• Pain during bowel movements
• Moderate or severe pain in the lower abdomen just before the onset of menstruation, and soon its end
• Constant dull, aching pain and lower abdomen

Sudden attacks of very severe pain in the lower abdomen, often accompanied by nausea and vomiting - symptoms can appear, if because of cysts twisted fallopian tubes, if the cyst interferes with the normal blood supply to the ovaries or if the cyst is broken, and began bleeding internally.

Diagnosis and treatment

The doctor may detect a cyst during a pelvic exam Gynecological examination: an important component of women's health   or studies using ultrasound, appointed on any other occasion. Normally this is assigned another examination, after 4-6 weeks, to make sure that the cyst disappeared. In most cases, follicular cysts during this time pass. If the doctor suspects that the cyst can actually cancers, he may designate a blood test and examination using computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. In rare cases, you may need a biopsy.

Follicular cysts are usually not needed to treat. Only a small part of them lasts longer than 8-12 weeks. In some cases, patients were advised to take hormonal birth control pills for 4-6 weeks. With regular oral contraceptives probability of formation of new follicular cysts is greatly reduced.

Sometimes, in order to make sure that no cyst cancer cells, it is removed surgically. This may be necessary if the cyst does not disappear for a long time, it causes symptoms that are not as long, and if the size of the cyst is greater than 5-10 centimeters. Most cysts removed in menopausal women, because they have especially high chance of developing malignant tumors, cyst-like.