Among the diseases of the ovaries occupy a special place retention cysts, which account for almost a fifth of all diseases of the ovaries. Of the retention of ovarian cysts are more likely to occur follicular cysts and corpus luteum cysts Corpus luteum cyst - when hormonal changes   Ovarian who treat, both conservative and operative.

How the woman's ovaries

Ovaries - a pair of gonads, which are appendages of the uterus and are located on the side on both sides of the uterus. The ovaries secrete hormones, they are laid in utero germ cells, which here turns monthly ripen in special bubbles - the follicles that produce the female sex hormones estrogen.

When the egg matures, the follicle bursts and the egg is released from the ovary for fertilization - this moment is called ovulation Ovulation - How to determine as accurately as possible? . At the site of the ruptured follicle forms a new iron - the corpus luteum, which produces the female sex hormone progesterone under the influence of the pituitary luteinizing hormone. By the end of the menstrual cycle influence of LH is getting smaller and the corpus luteum gradually fading. Over time, in its place there is only a small white scar. Such changes occur in the ovaries each month.

What is the retention cysts and how they are formed

Secret ovarian glands derived from them through the ducts. Sometimes the channels are closed and secret accumulates, forming cysts, which are called retention. In most cysts formed on the inflammatory processes against the ovaries. Retention can be follicular cysts, corpus luteum, tekalyuteinovymi, inklyuzionnymi and endometrial.

• Retention follicular cysts

Follicular cysts formed from follicles which are increasing in size and can reach six or more centimeters in diameter. Typically, these cysts develop in adult women or in women during menopause. Follicular cyst is a single chamber vial filled with liquid. The cyst may continue to secrete estrogen, but may be hormone-neutral. If the cyst secretes hormones, it affects the uterus. It significantly expands the mucous membrane, which is then at the rejection during menstruation leads to uterine bleeding, significantly higher than the normal menstrual. If the follicular cyst is large, then a woman can be confusing pain in his side.

Follicular cyst is dangerous because it can fester and explode as a result of twisting the legs or raising the severity of the woman. When torsion appear severe abdominal pain Abdominal pain: Types and Symptoms Which may take place independently. Follicular cysts first treated conservatively, and if such a treatment is ineffective, are removed.

• Retention cysts of the corpus luteum

Corpus luteum cyst is formed less than follicular, but also primarily for mature women. The size of the cysts are follicular about. If the cyst continues to secrete progesterone Progesterone - norm and pathology Then in women of reproductive age, this can cause abdominal pain and spotting - symptoms similar to an ectopic pregnancy. If a woman has stopped menstruating due to age, the corpus luteum cyst can occur menstrualnopodobnoe bleeding.

Hormonally inactive luteum cysts may reach large sizes and if they are broken (eg, during exercise), it is possible to bleed heavily. In some cases, these cysts go away without treatment. But the detection of corpus luteum cyst it being treated conservatively at first, and if that does not work, then remove the operational method.

• Retention endometrioid cyst

Endometriosis is called overgrowth of tissue in various organs, similar to the uterus mucosa (endometrium). Endometriosis ovarian endometrial cysts manifested form ranging from 0, 5 to 10 cm in diameter, which are often located in the cortex of the ovary. Endometrial cysts are lined with epithelium and covered with a capsule thickness from 0, 2 to 1, 5 cm. The content within them is usually brown, for what they called "chocolate cysts".

Endometrioid cyst manifested paroxysmal severe abdominal pain occurs during menstruation and accompanied by nausea, vomiting and loss of consciousness. When spontaneous rupture of the cyst develops a picture of acute abdomen resembling ectopic pregnancy. Treatment of endometrial ovarian cysts operative.

Treatment

Prior to the treatment of a woman completely examine and identify all the pathogens present. Then, a comprehensive treatment of the appointment of antimicrobial, antiviral and immunomodulatory therapy. Prescribe drugs, regulate the menstrual cycle, including gonadotropic pituitary function.

Operations are conducted in the growth and rupture of cysts. Type of surgery depends on the type and condition of cysts and surrounding tissues. This can be husking cysts, ovarian resection or oophorectomy with the fallopian tubes.

Galina Romanenko

Approximately 20% of women found retroflection uterus, or, simply, backward bending of the uterus. This condition is not always indicative of a pathology, and thus does not require treatment. But retroflection some cases lead to various irreversible processes, until the development of infertility and miscarriage Miscarriage - why you lose the most precious thing? . Of course, the ability to conceive does not affect the position of the uterus itself, and the reasons behind its inflection.

The normal position of the uterus in the pelvis

The uterus is normally located in the pelvis, so that its bottom facing upwardly and anteriorly, while the cervix is ​​"looking" downward and anteriorly. In this position between the uterus and its neck form an obtuse angle facing anteriorly. This provision is called anteflexio uteri or antefleksiya. Due to various reasons the angle of the uterus becomes turned backwards, that is, the bottom of the royal directed upward and backward, and the cervix is ​​downward and backward, which leads to the formation of retroflexion of the uterus.
  In addition, in the normal position (antefleksii) keeps supporting the uterus, and suspended fixing apparatus shown ligaments and muscles of the pelvic floor and abdominal muscles. Therefore, all the factors that cause bending of the uterus, primarily affect the muscles and ligaments that keep the uterus deviate in any direction.

Retroflexion uterus

There are mobile and fixed retroflection uterus. Fixed retroflection shown complete or almost complete immobility of the uterus, and attempts to offset during gynecological examinations cause pain. Mobile retroflection usually clinically (complaints, etc.) does not occur and the resulting decrease in the tone of the ligamentous apparatus.

The reasons that lead to the development of uterine retroflexion

Often retroflection uterus is a constitutional feature of lean (asthenia) women. But bend backwards uterus and cause various pathological conditions:

• inflammation of the female reproductive organs, which cause the formation of adhesions in the pelvis (adnexitis, endometritis, pelvioperitonity);
• endometriosis genitalia (also promotes adhesion);
• sexual infantilism;
• sudden weight loss;
• age;
• frequent abortions;
• hard physical work (especially the wearing of gravity);
• birth injuries Birth injuries - than they threaten your child? ;
• prolonged lactation, which leads to uterine hypoplasia Hypoplasia of the uterus - require timely detection and treatment   and its inflection backward;
• pelvic tumors.

The clinical picture of uterine retroflexion

Often bend backwards uterus does not manifest itself. Patients may complain of heavy and painful periods (due to violation of the evacuation of menstrual blood), pain in the abdomen and lower back, especially before menstruation and during, whites. In addition, there may be a violation of urination and bowel function (constipation), pain during sexual intercourse. Prolonged pressure on the bowel loops of the uterus and the weakening of the supporting apparatus leads to prolapse of genitals. During a pelvic exam the doctor will determine retroflection uterine mobility and establishes root cause of its bend.
  Infertility occurs when retroflexion of the uterus, is not due to its position, and disease, which led to the bend (endometriosis, inflammation of the tubes and uterus). When difficulties arise retroflection uterine gestation pregnancy.

Treatment of uterine retroflexion

Bend backward uterus, is not accompanied by symptoms, treatment is not required. The first step is to limit the heavy lifting. Basically, treatment is aimed at eliminating the causes (of the disease) retroflexion of the uterus. If the uterus is shifted as a result of adhesions in the pelvis Adhesions in the pelvis: Symptoms and Treatment Appointed physiotherapy, vitamins and medicines, resolving adhesions. Effective physical training, special exercises and pelvic massage. Gynecological massage is useful to combine with applications of therapeutic mud in the crotch area. Therapy retroflection, develop as a result of endometriosis is aimed at the normalization of hormonal patient. In the case of tumors of the pelvic surgery is performed, the purpose of which is to remove the tumor and surgical correction of the position of the uterus.

Anna Sozinova