Atherogenic ratio - the ratio of cholesterol in the blood

June 29, 2014

  • Atherogenic ratio - the ratio of cholesterol in the blood
  • Increased

 atherogenic factor
 Atherogenic ratio shows the ratio of useful and harmful cholesterol in the blood. From this ratio depends risk of atherosclerosis.

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Atherogenic factor - the norm

Atherogenic factor is normal, if it is 2 to 3 units. If the index is less than two, atherogenic index below the norm; it is not dangerous - on the contrary, these results suggest that the risk of atherosclerosis Atherosclerosis - a chronic disease of the arteries  Atherosclerosis - a chronic disease of the arteries
   in the foreseeable future, the patient is very small. The fact that the rules are considered averages, which are the people, leading some average lifestyle - they have normal weight, they do not exercise regularly, although not suffer from inactivity, from time to time can afford excesses in eating. If a man leads a healthy lifestyle, a balanced feeds, it moves a lot, does not have bad habits and chronic diseases (eg diabetes) coefficient atherogenic he may be below average.

If the ratio is elevated atherogenic (of more than 3-4 units), this indicates a relatively high risk of developing atherosclerosis.

It should be noted that the rate of atherogenic factor varies with age. Lowest value observed in neonates (generally they atherogenic factor is equal to 1), and over the years it is constantly increasing. However, even in the elderly normally it should not be higher than 3.5 units.

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Formula atherogenic factor

To calculate the atherogenic index, you must first determine the total cholesterol and high density lipoprotein (HDL). HDL is called good, or good cholesterol, because it has anti-atherogenic effect. There are also low-density lipoprotein (LDL) - bad cholesterol is contributing to the development of atherosclerosis. In order to determine the coefficient atherogenicity index of total cholesterol in HDL is subtracted, and the difference is divided by HDL cholesterol (total cholesterol - HDL cholesterol) / HDL.

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The reasons for the high rate of atherogenic

  • The abuse of fatty foods. Generally, fats, including cholesterol, are essential for normal body functioning. Cholesterol, in particular, promotes hormone production and the formation of cell membranes. However useful and at the same time is the only safe HDL.
  • Most of the cholesterol that the body uses, is produced by the liver during the processing of the food we consume. If a person eats a lot of foods high in saturated fat, as a result of their cleavage is formed bad cholesterol - LDL. Such products include butter, meats, margarine, many types of baking, and so on. Bad cholesterol molecules are attached to the walls of arteries, and gradually form a more or less large deposits, which in some cases can completely block blood flow through the vessel.
  • Hypertension. According to experts, from high blood pressure Blood pressure - dangerous if his swing?  Blood pressure - dangerous if his swing?
   affects 20-40% of developed countries. The big problem is that it is usually accompanied by hypertension and other health problems, which is why the risk of atherosclerosis is increased even more. Why is it so dangerous violation? The arteries are designed for a certain pressure; a temporary increase in permissible - for example, during exercise or stressful situations in brief. If the blood pressure is raised continuously, it will sooner or later lead to damage to the artery walls.
  • Smoking. The substances that contain tobacco smoke, lead to damage to the artery walls. Platelets - one of the varieties of blood cells - are attached to the damaged areas: as the body tries to repair them. If a person smokes regularly, it will happen all the time, and as a result of narrowing of the arteries occurs. In addition, smoking reduces blood oxygen saturation, and is associated with increased risk of blood clots.
  • Diabetes. Excess blood sugar Blood sugar - a very important indicator  Blood sugar - a very important indicator
   diabetic patients results in gradual damage to the artery walls. Diabetics atherogenic factor can be increased, even if they lead a healthy lifestyle, so that about the disease be sure to tell your doctor before you donate blood for analysis.
  • Obesity. Since obesity often develops due to abuse of fatty and sugary foods, it is not surprising that patients with this disorder, and elevated LDL atherogenic ratio exceeds the norm. Moreover, obesity increased likelihood of developing hypertension Hypertension - Control your blood pressure  Hypertension - Control your blood pressure
   and type 2 diabetes.
  • Family history. High atherogenic factor is more common in people whose close relatives have suffered from atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease. However, the presence of these disorders in the family history - it is not a sentence, but rather a reason to more closely monitor their health.
  • Alcohol abuse also leads to increased levels of LDL cholesterol in the blood. In today's world of alcohol - one of the most common risk factors for atherosclerosis.
  • Sedentary lifestyle recently became part of the atherogenic factors. Studies have shown people who move a lot more likely to develop atherosclerosis at 50-70% lower than those who lead a sedentary lifestyle.

Elevated hemoglobin - when to worry

August 17, 2008

  • Elevated hemoglobin - when to worry
  • Forum

 elevated hemoglobin
 The hemoglobin level is measured in grams of hemoglobin per deciliter of blood; normal level of hemoglobin depends on the age and, since puberty, the floor person.

 Elevated hemoglobin - when to worry

The average rate of hemoglobin:

  • Newborns: 17-22 g / dl
  • Children aged 1 week: 15-20 g / dl
  • Children aged 1 month: 11-15 g / dl
  • Preschoolers: 11-13 g / dl
  • Adult males: 14-18 g / dl
  • Adult women: 12-16 g / dl
  • Men older than the average age: 12.4-14, 9 g / dl
  • Women older than the average age: 11, 7-13, 8 g / dl

 Elevated hemoglobin - when to worry

How to measure hemoglobin levels

The hemoglobin level, usually measured by a blood test Blood tests: a mirror of health  Blood tests: a mirror of health
 Most often - in the framework of a general analysis of blood Complete blood count how to understand why taking blood from a finger  Complete blood count how to understand why taking blood from a finger
 . Blood is taken from a vein and sent a sample to the lab. Potential blood donors, blood is taken from the finger and conduct rapid analysis of blood - this is important, since a person with low hemoglobin can not be a donor.

Elevated hemoglobin can be a sign of the following conditions:

  • Congenital heart disease Heart disease and heart attacks: that every woman should know  Heart disease and heart attacks: that every woman should know
 ;
  • Pulmonary heart;
  • Pulmonary fibrosis;
  • Polycythemia vera;
  • Violations related to excess erythropoietin.

 Elevated hemoglobin - when to worry

Other possible causes of elevated hemoglobin

Too high a hemoglobin level usually indicates an excess of red blood cells. This condition is also called polycythemia. It may cause various complications, because it violates the circulation and leads to various problems with blood clotting.

Elevated hemoglobin is usually the result of two mechanisms:

  • Increased production of red blood cells as a compensation mechanism when the blood's ability to transport oxygen does not meet the needs of body tissues.
  • Reduction in blood plasma, which leads to a large number of erythrocytes.

Other reasons for the increase in hemoglobin levels:

  • Living at high altitudes. The higher the altitude, the lower the level of oxygen in the air. Because of this, the body produces as much hemoglobin to bind the maximum amount of oxygen.
  • Smoking. Several studies have shown that a significant proportion of smokers increased hemoglobin levels, although still do not know why this is happening. Some experts believe that the reason for this may be the low level of "pure" oxygen in the lungs of the smoker. Because this organism can utilize the same mechanisms that he applies a low level of oxygen in the atmosphere.
  • Dehydration can cause lozhnopovyshennogo hemoglobin; when you restore it to normal fluid balance.
  • The use of anabolic steroids.

 Elevated hemoglobin - when to worry

The symptoms and possible complications

One of the most serious complications caused by elevated levels of hemoglobin, is the increase in blood viscosity.

The studies failed to prove that between the hemoglobin level and blood viscosity has a linear relationship when hematocrit & lt; 0, 50 (equivalent to the level of hemoglobin of 160 g / L). Above this index becomes exponential relationship - this means that a small increase in hemoglobin or hematocrit results in a significant increase in blood viscosity. Once hemoglobin concentration reached 180 g / L, the viscosity of the blood reaches a level at which the microcirculation and transport oxygen to the various tissues of the body is disturbed as little as severe anemia.

 Elevated hemoglobin - when to worry

Symptoms

Peripheral cyanosis and frustration of some mental functions caused by cerebral ischemia - the two most common symptoms of elevated hemoglobin. In addition, due to poor blood circulation significantly increased risk of thromboembolism Thromboembolism: severe complications  Thromboembolism: severe complications
 .

 Elevated hemoglobin - when to worry

Treatment

Since elevated hemoglobin can not be regarded as a separate offense, it can be treated only as a symptom of underlying disease. That is why the increase in hemoglobin is important to undergo a thorough medical examination.





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