Today, for the treatment of infectious and inflammatory diseases requires a large number of different antibiotics, so how often pathogens develop resistance (insensitivity) to a particular antibiotic and then it must be replaced by another. That is why before treatment necessarily checked the sensitivity of pathogens to antibiotics.

The mechanism of action of lincomycin

Lincomycin - a broad-spectrum antibiotic produced by fungi, actinomycetes. It is available as a solution in vials for injection, in the form of capsules for oral administration in the form of ointments for external application. Lincomycin has a bacteriostatic (suspend vital activity of bacteria) or bactericidal (kills bacteria) action depending on dosage and sensitivity to infectious agents.

The mechanism of action based on inhibition of lincomycin protein synthesis in bacterial cells. Sensitivity to lincomycin exhibit mainly staphylococci (including those which are sensitive to antibiotics of penicillin as produce the enzyme penicillinase, decomposing them), Streptococcus, certain anaerobic (existing only without access of air, for example, agents of gas gangrene and tetanus) bacteria, mycoplasmas.

Lincomycin are resistant to most Gram-negative bacteria, fungi, viruses, protozoa. The stability of other bacteria that initially are sensitive to lincomycin, develops slowly.

Cross-resistance exists between the lincomycin and clindamycin, which means that the microorganisms resistant to lincomycin, will be stable and to clindamycin and vice versa.

After ingestion of about a third of the dose is absorbed into the blood (eating slows this process) and into the tissue (including cross the placenta to the fetus in pregnant women). The partially decomposed into metabolites in the liver and is excreted unchanged in the form of metabolic products.

Indications and contraindications for the appointment of lincomycin

Lincomycin is indicated in the following severe infectious and inflammatory diseases:

• sepsis - infection of the blood;
• osteomyelitis - inflammation of bone;
• bacterial endocarditis - inflammation of the lining of the heart;
• severe obstructive lung disease - inflammation and lung abscess Lung abscess - severe consequences of serious illness , Empyema (purulent inflammation) of the pleura;
• infected wounds and purulent skin diseases;
• infections caused by Staphylococcus species and other gram-positive microorganisms resistant to these antibiotics.

The use of lincomycin is contraindicated:

• with significant violations of liver and kidney function; with a slight violation of the functions of these organs and reduce the dose of lincomycin conduct systematic laboratory control of their work;
• Pregnancy and breast- Breastfeeding - a personal choice   breast;
• in case of hypersensitivity to the drug.

Side effects that may occur when applying lincomycin

When using lincomycin may experience the following side effects:

• from the gastrointestinal tract - nausea, vomiting, pain in the upper abdomen, diarrhea, inflammation of the tongue and oral mucosa; chronic administration of high doses of the drug may develop severe inflammation of the colon wall;
• from the liver - a transient liver dysfunction (increases in liver transaminases and bilirubin in the blood plasma);
• hematopoiesis by - reducing the number of leukocytes in the blood, including granular, which leads to reduced immunity; reduction in the number of blood platelets - this may cause increased bleeding;
• Allergic reaction - skin rash, swelling, anaphylactic shock;
• suppression of the natural microflora of the organism, and the development of fungal diseases such as candidiasis;
• the development of inflammation of the vein wall at the site of intravenous administration of lincomycin;
• if the solution is administered into a vein lincomycin very quickly, it can dramatically decrease blood pressure, dizziness appear Dizziness - if the ground is slipping from under his feet , Weakness, up to fainting.

Lincomycin interaction with other drugs

Lincomycin is not necessary to assign the following Medications:

• to some antibiotics (penicillins, cephalosporins, chloramphenicol, erythromycin) - this reduces the effectiveness of these drugs;
• some means for anesthesia (for example, inhalants and muscle relaxant drugs used in certain types of anesthesia) - this may lead to respiratory arrest Stop breathing (apnea) during sleep - upper airway obstruction ;
• with medications against diarrhea - it can reduce the effects of lincomycin.

Lincomycin antibiotics traditionally refers to the reserve, which are used for severe diseases in the event that no effect other drugs given in the first place.

Galina Romanenko

Fungal infection often goes to the nail plate from the skin of the feet and hands when fungal infections of the skin smooth. One of the conditions of the spread of the fungus is poor circulation, metabolism Metabolism: The basis of life of all living things   or decreased immunity. That is why nail fungus appears frequently in the elderly.

Nail Fungus - the main reasons and manifestations

Nail fungus can be caused by a variety of fungi. But more often the cause of fungal nail infections (onychomycosis) are fungi - dermatophytes - Trichophyton, epidermofiton and others. Less onychomycosis caused by other fungi, for example, the yeast genus Candida.

Fungal infections can be picked up in the bath Sauna and health: the benefits and harms of bath procedures   or in the pool, if you use someone else's shoes, in close contact with patients with fungal infection. Onychomycosis develop as a complication of fungal infections of the skin stop when brushes or circulatory disorders in the limbs, which in turn causes metabolic disorders and local immunity. Due to such features, these diseases generally occur in the elderly.

Manifested fungal nail infections may be different. Sometimes the nail plate only change color to yellow, white or brown. In other cases, the nail plate or atrophy (decrease in volume), or, on the contrary, increase in volume (hypertrophic nail plate). This may be affected the entire nail or just the edges.

How does Lamisil at onihomikozah

For the treatment of onychomycosis Lamisil is used only in dosage forms for oral administration. For external use usually use other drugs that have the ability to dissolve and remove the affected nail (eg ureaplast, the patch "Hunger" and so on), as well as nail varnish containing antifungals (eg, nail Batrafen). Lamisil is not issued in the form of dosage forms for topical application for the treatment of onychomycosis.

When receiving lamizila inside it accumulates in the nail plate in an amount sufficient to kill the infectious agent. Active ingredient lamizila terbinafine inhibits the action of certain enzymes, fungal cells, causing the cells there is a lack of one and a plethora of other biologically active substances. This leads to cell death of fungi.

Lamisil is effective against fungi-dermatophytes, which are major pathogens of fungal nail infections.

Onychomycosis requires prolonged treatment. The course of taking the pills usually from six weeks to six months. Course duration depends on the form of onychomycosis, the lesions and general condition of the patient. For example, with the defeat of the nail plate brushes usually sufficient six weeks of treatment. A fungal nail infections is required stop for three months of treatment. If the patient the nature of the nails grow slowly, three months is not enough, sometimes a course of treatment is extended to six months. External effect of lamizila Lamisil - a modern drug to help cope with fungal infection   It continues for several months after cessation of treatment, due to the regrowth of healthy nails.

For the treatment of fungal infections of the skin feet and hands, which in most cases are a source of infection for nails, apply such external lamizila dosage forms, as a cream, dermgel, spray lamilil uno. But the treatment of nails are not effective.

Side effects and possible overdose

Lamisil tablets for oral administration is generally well tolerated. But sometimes side effects do happen, especially with prolonged use, which is required for onychomycosis. In such cases may occur symptoms such as discomfort and minor pain in the stomach, loss of appetite, nausea and sometimes (very rarely) vomiting, diarrhea, taste disturbance, abnormal liver function, which can manifest itself only in the form of changes in laboratory parameters, and can - in the form of jaundice and pain in the right upper quadrant. Since disorders of the liver are possible before the appointment lamizila check the function of the body.

In addition, there may be side effects such as muscle pain and joint pain, changes in blood cell composition (reduction in the number of white blood cells and platelets), allergic reactions (sometimes severe).

An overdose of pills lamizila can only come at a very significant excess of recommended doses of the drug for treatment. This enhanced all the side effects of the drug, there are severe headaches and dizziness Dizziness - if the ground is slipping from under his feet .

In some cases, Lamisil tablets can not be used

Lamisil tablets do not use in hepatic dysfunction, children up to two years, nursing mothers and hypersensitive to the components of the drug to patients. With caution and only for health reasons it is used during pregnancy and some other diseases.

Galina Romanenko