Anthrax - a life-threatening infectious disease that usually affects animals, especially ruminants (such as cattle). Anthrax can be transmitted to humans through contact with infected animals, as well as dairy or meat products. In recent years, anthrax has been drawn great attention, as it became clear that the infection can be used as a biological weapon. Anthrax is not transmitted from person to person.

Causes

Anthrax is the bacterium called Bacillus anthracis. While the bacteria themselves have been found by other scientists, namely Dr. Robert Koch, a German physician and scientist proved that anthrax bacteria were the cause of diseases affecting farm animals in the region where he lived. Under the microscope, the bacteria look like large rods. However, in the soil, where they live bacteria exist in the form of spores, which are difficult to break. It is known that anthrax spores can live in soil for 48 years.

How is infection

Anthrax can infect humans in three ways. The most common infection enters the body through the skin, causing ulcers of the skin, which usually resolves without treatment. Man and animals can be infected with anthrax from the meat of infected animals. When injected into the gastrointestinal tract anthrax develops a serious disease, sometimes fatal. The most lethal form of anthrax is a disease that has developed as a result of inhaling pathogens. This anthrax spores enter the lymph nodes in the chest, where they multiply, and where they begin to spread; toxins that are produced by anthrax spores, are often the cause of death of the patient.

Prevalence

Today, anthrax is rare in people living in developed countries. She often suffer in regions with poorly developed public health sector. In the past few years, there have been rare cases of human infection with anthrax associated with the importation of animal skins used to make drums. We know about the infection drummers, craftsmen manufactured drums, and their families.

incubation period

The incubation period for anthrax infection may be relatively short, from one to five days. However, like other infectious diseases, the incubation period can be very different; Sometimes it takes several weeks before the infected person feel unwell.

Types of anthrax

There are three forms of disease caused by anthrax: cutaneous, inhalation and gastrointestinal anthrax.

• Cutaneous anthrax

The first symptom of cutaneous anthrax is a reddish-brown swelling, with extensive redness around her. In the center there is a crater ulcers with blood; around the crater formed by a black crust. In the area where the ulcer, inflamed lymph nodes. Other symptoms of cutaneous anthrax are muscle pain, headache Headache: Causes and Complications , Fever, nausea and vomiting. The disease usually lasts for about six weeks, but if the patient is able to take the necessary antibiotics, the disease can lead to death.

• Inhalation anthrax

The first symptoms of anthrax are small and resemble flu symptoms Influenza - expect the unexpected but always . A few days after the first symptoms of the patient's condition is deteriorating, in particular, there may be severe respiratory distress. Behind this may be followed by a shock, coma and death. Inhalation anthrax they enter the lymph nodes; spores produce toxins that lead to severe bleeding and lymph node tissue necrosis Lymph nodes - what keeps our immune system . From there anthrax spread to other parts of the body. Inhalation anthrax is a very dangerous disease, and, unfortunately, the majority of patients die despite the use of antibiotics Antibiotics - whether they will help you in the foreseeable future? . Why is this happening? Antibiotics are effective in killing bacteria, but they can not do anything with toxins that the bacteria have already developed.

• Gastrointestinal anthrax

Gastrointestinal anthrax, which is now rare, is caused by eating contaminated meat. Its symptoms include loss of appetite, nausea, bloody diarrhea, fever, and abdominal pain. Gets into the blood stream infection is deadly, but if timely treatment can be avoided.

The active ingredient is ciprofloxacin tsiprolet, a substance belonging to the group of quinolone antibiotics. Tsiprolet, like all antibiotics, fights infections by destroying bacteria causing them. Ciprofloxacin penetrates into bacteria cells, and inhibits the activity of DNA gyrase - bacterial enzyme. DNA gyrase essential for replication and recovery of the genetic material of bacteria - if it fails, the bacteria eventually die.

Ciprofloxacin is effective against many bacteria, including those which are resistant to certain other antibiotics. Especially well it copes with a subgroup of Gram-negative bacteria, which include Salmonella, Shigella, Campylobacter, Pseudomonas and Neisseria bacteria. Tsiprolet used to treat a variety of diseases, including chest infections, urinary tract and digestive system. It is also used for single-dose treatment for gonorrhea.

What is treated using tsipoleta

• Bacterial infections of the lungs and respiratory tract, such as pneumonia, acute bronchitis, bronchiectasis, pulmonary infections in cystic fibrosis or chronic bronchitis
• Bacterial infections of the ear, nose and throat - sinusut, otitis media and otitis externa
• Bacterial infections of the eye, for example, bacterial conjunctivitis
• Cystitis, kidney infections (pyelonephritis), urethritis and other bacterial urinary tract
• Bacterial infections of the prostate (prostatitis) or testicles (epididymitis)
• Bacterial infections of the skin and soft tissue - infected ulcers, wounds or burns, abscesses, cellulitis, erysipelas
• Bacterial infections of bones and joints, such as osteomyelitis and septic arthritis Arthritis - a variety of forms and complications
• Peritonitis, abdominal abscess Abscess - why it is so dangerous ulcers?   and other varieties of abdominal infections
• Bacterial infections of the stomach and intestines, such as typhoid and infectious diarrhea
• Infection of the gallbladder and biliary tract
• Diseases of the pelvic organs, such as infection of the uterus (endometritis) and the fallopian tubes (salpingitis)
• Bacterial infections of the blood (septicemia or blood poisoning)
• Infection prevention in patients undergoing surgery on the stomach and intestines, and after endoscopic procedures
• Prevention or treatment of anthrax after contact with the agent

How to take tsiprolet

Dosage and duration of reception tsiprolet depends largely on how healthy kidneys of the patient, and the type of infection. Normally it is taken twice a day (every 12 hours). Tsiprolet tablets should be swallowed immediately without chewing. Tsiprolet also available as a suspension and a solution for injection. Take them should be strictly in accordance with the instructions of the doctor.

It does not matter, you are taking tsiprolet during meals or between meals, it is important that during the course of treatment you do not drink milk, yogurt, antacids (medicines used for indigestion or heartburn), as well as medications or dietary supplements Food additives - basic classification That contain calcium, iron, zinc, magnesium or aluminum. These substances may impair the absorption of the antibiotic from the intestine.

Side effects tsiprolet

Tsiprolet may adversely affect your ability to drive or operate the technical equipment. This effect is greatly enhanced with the use of alcohol. Do not drive a car or operate machinery, which poses a potential threat to other people until you understand how tsiprolet affects you. Some people may normally be engaged in these activities while taking this medication; some have to abandon them during the entire course of treatment.

Patients taking tsiprolet, need to drink plenty of fluids - at least 1.5 liters of water a day. In addition, the course of treatment should reduce the time spent in the sun and give up the solarium Solarium: harm or benefit? . Tsiprolet increases the sensitivity of the skin to ultraviolet rays. If, after sun exposure on your skin rash, stop taking the drug and consult your doctor.