The open form of pulmonary tuberculosis - a disease that is accompanied by the release of infectious agents with phlegm. Active TB disease is more severe. In addition, the patient becomes a source of infection to others. Therefore, open tuberculosis is treated only stationary in specialized departments of the tuberculosis dispensary Tuberculosis Dispensary - center of the organization TB .

The open form of tuberculosis - what she called

Tuberculosis - a chronic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Worldwide, there is an increased incidence of tuberculosis, the disease has long been a social problem. Currently, Russia is 100 thousand. The population of 90 TB patients, 20 of them die particularly dangerous form of tuberculosis that are resistant to antibiotic treatment. Often, these forms are at the same time open - the patient identifies with sputum infectious agents, that is a distributor of infection.

Tubercle bacillus - it is resistant to external influences (including the various disinfectants) and aggressive pathogen. It can be a long time in an active state in dried sputum in soil in a variety of household items. There are several types of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, but human tuberculosis is mainly men (90%) and bovine species.

How is the open form of tuberculosis?

Infected with tuberculosis by inhalation of air and dust, which contain infectious agents. The source of infection is often a TB patient man. From it you can catch when talking through things and so on.

But not all patients with TB are infectious. Non-contagious form of the disease when tubercle bacilli are not allocated to the sputum, more. If the patient open form of TB, it requires the isolation and must be treated in hospital as long as there is no longer marked as sputum Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Bullish view of Mycobacterium tuberculosis can be transmitted from cattle by eating milk of infected animals. Once infected develop the disease, which can be both open and closed.

Signs of open tuberculosis

Tuberculosis has, as the similarity with other infections, and differs from them in a number of respects. Thus, the incubation period (the open form of tuberculosis including) the disease is very difficult to define. On average, experts agree that it is equal to 2-3 months. This is the time from ingestion of Mycobacterium tuberculosis to the first signs of sensitization (sensitization) of the body in relation to the pathogen infection.

To identify the first signs of infection may be using the tuberculin test, which children and adolescents are made once a year. For example, if a year ago, the Mantoux test was negative, and the next positive with growth resulting papules 5 mm, it is said bend - infected with tuberculosis. The stage of infection and sensitization can last for years and decades without going to the next stage, if a person eats properly, leading a healthy lifestyle and has a strong immunity. That is, a person is infected, but almost healthy.

By reducing the body's defenses in patients showing signs of tuberculosis intoxication - weakness, malaise, periodic temperature rises and so on. Children often suffer from colds. Tuberculous intoxication is not associated with the agent secreted toxins, and allergic to it. The phase of intoxication and can last a long time.

Finally, with a sharp decrease in immunity, or by ingestion of additional infection (superinfection) may develop primary tuberculosis Tuberculosis - a full recovery is not guaranteed   the lungs, most often with the affected lymph nodes Lymph nodes - what keeps our immune system . Primary pulmonary tuberculosis is almost never open. Under favorable conditions, the disease can flow seamlessly and pass on their own. But allergic disposition of the body remains.

Symptoms of active tuberculosis do not have to be explicit. Often this disease goes unnoticed, patients feel only a slight malaise, weakness, sometimes a slight rise in temperature. But there are severe symptoms of active tuberculosis: a high temperature, heavy sweats, dry cough intrusive and so on.

Is there a cure open tuberculosis?

Active TB disease is treated, but only in a hospital as an open form of tuberculosis treatment is a daunting challenge. Today, frequent forms of open tuberculosis that are resistant to different types of antibiotic therapy. Treatment of such patients is individually. In addition, open tuberculosis is dangerous to others, so patients should be isolated.

Open pulmonary tuberculosis - is not a sentence, but it should be treated in time.

Galina Romanenko

Sumamed (azithromycin) - the original drug, which was developed by the pharmaceutical company Pliva (Croatia) in 1980. The patent for the original drug release from the company ended in 2007. But even before the end of the pharmaceutical market is filled with generics (generic copies analogues) of the drug.

What is different from the original drug generic

The production and release of the pharmaceutical market of the original drug pharmaceutical company is investing heavily. First, the work is in the chemical laboratory - invented a chemical formula of the drug with some speculative medicinal properties and technologies of its manufacturing. Then, the resulting drug laboratory tests on animals, which examines all of its properties. The final stage - clinical isspytaniya during which identifies all the possible side effects on a particular group of patients. After that, the company registers the drug under its own original name (brand) and receives a patent for the production. At the same time the drug is assigned to the international non-proprietary name that will always stand next to the name under which it will be produced by other firms.

Despite the fact that the composition of generic drugs must fully replicate the original structure of the drug due to the different manufacturing techniques and other features of production to achieve their full identity is almost impossible. Sometimes a different concentration of the active ingredient, the composition of the shell tablets that may have a different effect on the response of the body.

Note: the difference between the original drug sumamed from their peers

The original drug has sumamed international non-proprietary name of azithromycin. By this and many other names today are produced by different pharmaceutical companies, generic drugs (analogs) Sumamed. It azivok, azitral, safotsid, sumamoks (India), Azitroks, azitrus, communication factor, Zitrolid fort sumametsin, sumazid (Russia), azitsid (Zentiva Czech Republic), zetamaks retard (USA), Hemomitsin (Serbia).

Azithromycin is in the class of macrolides - azalide that differ from the classic macrolides (e.g., erythromycin) small changes in its chemical structure. These changes give azithromycin special properties - high acid resistance, expansion of the spectrum of antimicrobial activity, the ability to penetrate the cell wall (the concentration in inflamed tissues was higher than in blood ten times). This property is made indispensable azithromycin in treating intracellular infections such as chlamydia Chlamydia - almost biblical disease , Ureaplasmosis Ureaplasmosis - inflammation of the urogenital system , Mycoplasmosis Mycoplasmosis - infection does not always equal disease . Actively suppress it and livelihoods of ordinary infections, showing thus high efficiency.

The unique properties of azithromycin resulted in a large number of its analogs or generic, so now the question is how to replace the original product is no longer assigned.

Thus, the total amount of impurities in generics azithromycin 3, 1-5, 2 times the amount of their original (and unknown impurity present).

The main part of the azithromycin should be dissolved within an hour, but in reality it can be dissolved or too early (while it is not fully absorbed in the intestine), or not completely. All this reduces the effectiveness of azithromycin in generics and reveals their inconsistency sumamed. Because compared with the original four generics (azivok, Zitrolid, sumazid, Hemomitsin) the lowest efficiency was found in Zitrolid, and the greatest - at Hemomitsin. Since dzhenenrikov efficiency below the original, as a result (even though smaller compared with sumamed rates) the cost of treatment goes higher than when using the original.

Thus, today sumamed Sumamed antibiotics wisely   It has many analogs that are cheaper than the original being, to a greater or lesser extent corresponding to such effectiveness. And yet, the question "what can replace sumamed" The answer is unequivocal: sumamed shows not only the more effective the treatment, but also greater efficiency, since cure is achieved in a shorter time and does not require additional antibiotics.

Galina Romanenko