Ampicillin - is a broad spectrum antibiotic of the group of semisynthetic penicillins, which is used for several decades in our country. After absorption into the blood ampicillin distributed to tissues and has antibacterial action. Sensitivity to show him many microorganisms, so it is today, and is widely used in clinical practice.

Mechanism of action

Ampicillin is a semisynthetic penicillin, acid-resistant, which is available in tablets, a suspension for oral and dry matter for solution for injection. Various pharmaceutical companies, the drug is also available under the title: ampizid, ampik, ampireks, amplital, apo-APECS, dekapen, Zetsu, kampitsillin, mestsillin, penodil, pentartsin, pentreksil, rostsillin, standatsillin, upsampi, Hjelm-ampicillin epikotsillin.

The mechanism of action of ampicillin is associated with inhibition of metabolic processes in the cell membranes of bacteria. Ampicillin is a wide spectrum of action, but as other semisynthetic penicillins, it is destroyed by the enzyme penicillinase (beta-lactamases) which emit some kind of infectious agents, such as some staphylococci. This certainly reduce the effectiveness of the drug. In addition, due to the prolonged use of antibiotic sensitivity to infectious agents has been steadily declining.

Ampicillin exhibits antibacterial activity against streptococci, enterococci, staphylococci (except those that produce beta-lactamase), gonococci, Escherichia coli, Salmonella, Shigella, Proteus, some strains of Haemophilus influenzae and other infectious agents.

Indications and contraindications

Ampicillin is used for the following infectious and inflammatory diseases caused by susceptible to infectious agents:

• diseases of the upper respiratory tract and respiratory tract - tonsillitis, chronic tonsillitis, sinusitis, sinusitis, pharyngitis, otitis, bronchitis, pneumonia;
• diseases of the kidneys and urinary tract infections - acute and chronic pyelonephritis and cystitis;
• diseases of the bile ducts and gall bladder - acute and chronic cholangitis and cholecystitis;
• intestinal infections, including salmonellosis Salmonellosis - features of the disease   and bacterial dysentery;
• diseases of male and female sexual organs - acute and chronic endometritis, adnexitis, prostatitis; as well as genital infections of bacterial origin, such as gonorrhea;
• septic diseases of the skin and subcutaneous tissue - boils, abscesses, phlegmon, festering wounds and ulcers;
• severe infections of the abdominal cavity (peritonitis) and blood poisoning (sepsis);
• meningitis of bacterial origin;
• rheumatism;
• erysipelas;
• scarlet fever.

Do not use this if you are hypersensitive ampicillin components of the drug by the body of the patient, severe liver disease in violation of its functions and during breast Breastfeeding - a personal choice   feeding. With caution should be used during pregnancy and kidney function (in this case ampicillin administered in a daily dose less, choose an individual physician).

Side effects

Ampicillin is in most cases well tolerated. However, possible side effects. First of all - it is an allergic reaction common to all drugs penicillin. Allergic reactions can be either minor (small itchy rash), and very strong in the form of anaphylactic shock, angioedema, or Stevens-Johnson syndrome, that affects large areas of the skin and mucous membranes. Therefore, at the slightest suspicion of the use of ampicillin allergy should be discontinued.

Ampicillin may have adverse effects on the liver, which is often reflected in changes in laboratory parameters. It may develop jaundice associated with the stagnation of bile in the biliary tract. From the side of gastrointestinal side effects can manifest as nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, stomatitis Stomatitis - to breath fresh , Inflammation of the tongue, intestinal dysbiosis Intestinal dysbiosis - how dangerous it is?   and inflammatory bowel disease.

In the blood during treatment with ampicillin can decrease the number of white blood cells, including white blood cells disappear completely grainy, which is fraught with a sharp decline in immunity. In addition, it is reducing the number of erythrocytes and platelets, which leads to a reduction of blood clotting.

Ampicillin - is an antibiotic which is used for many years in treating various infectious and inflammatory processes.

Galina Romanenko

Abscess - a purulent inflammation, which resulted in the tissues of a cavity in which the accumulated pus. There are different types of abscess.

Tooth abscess

Tooth abscess - a collection of pus inside the tooth caused by bacterial infection. Infection can result from tooth decay More about caries - take care of your teeth until it's too late . These abscesses may also be formed in the bone which supports the tooth structure (the alveolar bone) and in the gums.

Encephalopyosis

Brain abscess - a very rare, life-threatening condition. The accumulation of pus caused by bacteria that get into the brain as a result of cranial trauma, surgery, or remained there after the previous infection.

Bartholin Abscess iron

This disorder is characterized by an accumulation of pus in one of the Bartholin's glands, which are located on either side of the vaginal opening. An abscess is formed by blocking cancer.

Hepatophyma

Liver abscess may be caused by infection of the abdominal cavity, such as appendicitis Appendicitis - when we must act immediately And infected blood and bile ducts.

Skin Abscess

Skin abscesses can develop anywhere. They develop when due to bacterial infections in the skin accumulate pus.

Skin abscesses can develop under the skin (subcutaneous abscess) or on the skin (skin abscess).

An abscess of the spinal cord

Abscess this type appears as a result of infection, developing within the spine, because of which the pus accumulates around the spinal cord.

Anorectal abscess

Anorectal abscess formed in the rectum and anus. This may be caused infections, sexually transmitted infections, blocked gland or an infection.

Peritonsillar abscess

Such abscesses occur in the head and neck and usually develop as a result of tonsillitis (an infection of the tonsils).

An abscess can occur in any person, and virtually anywhere on the body. Very often they occur in healthy individuals in general.

Small abscesses usually disappear without treatment. For large abscess may require treatment with antibiotics Antibiotics - whether they will help you in the foreseeable future?   and drainage. Without treatment these abscesses increases, becoming more painful, and finally burst.

Symptoms of an abscess depend on its type. The causes of abscesses in most cases is a bacterial infection.

Treatment

For the treatment of abscesses using three main tools: antibiotics, drainage and surgical techniques. In mild cases, however, you can do warm compresses to reduce inflammation and accelerate healing.

Antibiotics are prescribed depending on exactly which bacteria caused the infection.

Drainage is performed under local anesthesia; during the procedure of the abscess pus evacuated. As a rule, after that it stops growing and the skin in its place is quickly restored. In some cases, drainage must be performed several times.

If the abscess is very large and are located deep to remove them have to use surgical techniques.