Semisynthetic penicillins

Ampicillin - an antibiotic Antibiotics - whether they will help you in the foreseeable future?   broad-spectrum semisynthetic penicillin that is actively used in the medical practice. It has bacteriostatic effect on gram-positive (staphylococci, streptococci, pneumococci) and gram (salmonella, dysentery pathogens Dysentery - "disease of dirty hands" , E. coli, some strains of Proteus) microorganisms. Ampicillin is less active against Gram-positive bacteria than benzylpenicillin. Ampicillin disadvantage is that it is destroyed by penicillinase enzyme which can produce some types of staphylococci.

When administered ampicillin is absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract is good, but a bit slower than the other drugs in this group. The highest concentration of drug in the blood plasma determined after two hours and remained constant for hours. From ampicillin blood enters the tissues:

in the lining of the bronchi, sinuses, middle ear, the amniotic fluid of pregnant women, saliva, intraocular, joint and spinal fluid. Ampicillin urine output and a small amount - the faeces. It may also be allocated to human milk.

Indications for admission

Admission ampicillin shown when infection is caused by microorganisms sensitive to it, as well as in cases where due to the severity of the patient is not possible to wait for test results. Ampicillin is used to treat infections:

• upper respiratory tract, bronchial tubes and lungs;
• ear, nose and throat;
• kidney and urinary tract;
• gastrointestinal tract;
• liver and biliary tract;
• infections of the female and male reproductive organs.

Chronic administration of ampicillin is necessary to monitor renal function.

Contraindications Ampicillin

• in case of hypersensitivity to the semisynthetic penicillins;
• in violation of liver and kidney function;
• allergic diseases (bronchial asthma, allergic rhinitis, etc.).

Side effects

Admission ampicillin often causes allergic reactions Allergic reactions: how to understand why you tickle in the throat   immediate (hives, swelling, Prevention and treatment of edema - it is important to understand the root cause   Angioedema, anaphylactic shock) and slow (skin rash) type. In addition, long-term uncontrolled taking ampicillin develop resistance to it from pathogens, ie ceases to suppress infection ampicillin. Can also actively multiply and cause disease are microorganisms which ampicillin has no effect - a condition called superinfection.

What ampioks

Ampioks - a combined drug, which consists of two semi-synthetic penicillin - ampicillin and oxacillin.

Ampicillin relates to semisynthetic penicillins and possesses a broad spectrum of action. It has a bacteriostatic effect (suppress reproduction) gram and gram bacteria. However, he may not be effective against some types of staphylococci, which are able to produce the enzyme penicillinase, destroys ampicillin.

Oxacillin also relates to semisynthetic penicillins, but has a different spectrum of action: it acts bacteriostatically mainly against Gram-positive bacteria and is resistant to penicillinase. Activity against most Gram-negative bacteria, rickettsiae, viruses, protozoa, fungi. Bacterial resistance to oxacillin develops slowly.

If ingestion ampioks well absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. From ampioks blood enters the tissues and organs: in the lining of the bronchi, sinuses, middle ear, the amniotic fluid of pregnant women, saliva, intraocular, joint and spinal fluid. Across the blood brain barrier (i.e., in the region of the brain) penetrates only ampicillin, so the treatment of infections of the central nervous system ampioks has limited application. After oral administration the maximum concentration is achieved after 1, 5-2 hours. Ampioks displayed by the kidneys, are not accumulating in the body.

Ampioks apply:

• infections of the upper respiratory tract, bronchial tubes and lungs (inflammation of the larynx, bronchi, lungs, etc.).
• in inflammation of the nose, throat and ear (tonsillitis, chronic tonsillitis, sinusitis, otitis media, and so on);
• in inflammation of the gallbladder and biliary tract;
• in inflammation of the kidneys Inflammation of the kidney - do not suffer pain   and urinary tract infections;
• with festering wounds, pustular skin infections are not;
• in severe infections (eg in postpartum infections);
• If the patient requires emergency care, and resistance to anitibiotikam is not already installed (as an antibiotic Antibiotics - whether they will help you in the foreseeable future?   broad-spectrum);
• for preventing purulent post-operative complications in surgical operations and for the prevention and treatment of infections in neonates.

Contraindications ampioksa are:

• Hypersensitivity to penicillin preparty;
• blood disorders (lymphocytic leukemia);
• kissing disease Mononucleosis - forecast favorable .

Side effects that may occur while taking ampioksa

When receiving ampioksa may occur:

• an allergic reaction: hives, redness and swelling of the skin and mucous membranes, rhinitis, conjunctivitis, pain in joints Joint pain - how to understand what is going on? In rare cases - anaphylactic shock;
• superinfection (active reproduction of infectious agents for which ampioks no effect);
• goiter (destruction of the normal intestinal microflora and proliferation of opportunistic capable of causing disease), which can be manifested by nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite, diarrhea;
• changes in the blood: reducing the number of white and red blood cells;
• intravenous administration can occur inflammation of the vein wall;
• when administered intramuscularly at the injection site induration and pain occurs, which will eventually disappear on their own.