Breast cancer in women is relatively frequent. The incidence of breast cancer is increasing, due to both an increase in the intensity of the stress of the modern woman, and to the best detectability of diseases. Experts believe that the percentage of detection of breast cancer in the early stages of growing fast enough, due to the characteristics of the disease, which may first occur unnoticed.

The main problems associated with breast cancer

The incidence of breast cancer (breast cancer - breast cancer) is increasing worldwide, including in our country. The median survival of this disease is 55%. This is due to the fact that breast cancer is detected sufficiently often already advanced stage when the effectiveness of the treatment decreases repeatedly. Breast cancer detected in its early stages can be cured almost completely.

That is why the specialists is the question of improving detection of breast cancer in the early stages. For this purpose, a special education work conducted with women doctors explain how to identify signs of cancer Fifteen signs of cancer that women ignore To what expert to address what can be done for the prevention of breast cancer.

Work is also actively working on the application of skrinningovyh methods (allowing to identify the disease in a large number of women by "screening"), detection of breast cancer. Today, the most rational skrinningovymi diagnostic methods other than medical examination is ultrasound (US) and X-ray (mammogram) methods. Breast ultrasound recommended annually for women to 40 years, mammography - after 40 years.

Why can begin breast cancer in women

How and why begins breast cancer in women is not completely established, but today it is known that several factors contribute to the development of this disease. This heredity (identified a particular gene that is responsible for the development of breast cancer), hormonal disorders, any long-occurring diseases of the genital organs, abortion, injuries and diseases of the mammary glands, stress, poor diet, smoking and alcohol abuse.

Preventing breast cancer today is based on reducing the impact of these factors and early detection of precancerous diseases.

Stages of breast cancer in women

Classification of breast cancer conducted by TNM system, where the letter T is the magnitude and extent of the primary breast tumor and has 7 divisions, N reflects the state of the regional lymph nodes (has 5 subsections) and M - distant metastases (subsection 3). This classification are oncologists all over the world.

There is also a classification stage of the disease:

• Stage 0 breast cancer - the so-called preinvasive cancer (cancer in situ - carcinoma in situ), in which the tumor is a cluster of malignant transformed cells, bred in the breast tissue or ducts, and still does not extend to the surrounding tissue;
• Stage I - formed tumors up to 2 cm in diameter, but it has not spread to the surrounding tissues and prevents metastasis Metastasis - danger everywhere ;
• Stage II is divided into stages IIA and IIB; Stage IIA - tumor less than 2 cm in diameter with metastatic axillary lymph nodes (affected no more than three lymph nodes), or swelling of up to 5 cm in diameter without metastases in the axillary lymph nodes Axillary lymph nodes - signals about trouble in the mammary glands ; Stage IIB - tumors up to 5 cm in diameter, with metastases to 1-3 axillary lymph nodes, or more than 5 cm in diameter without lymph node metastases;
• Stage III lasts three stages - IIIA, IIIB and IIIC; Stage IIIA - the tumor less than 5 cm in diameter, plus metastases in 4-9 axillary lymph nodes or to lymph nodes Lymph nodes - what keeps our immune system   in the chest cavity on the same side where the tumor; Stage IIIB - the cancer has grown and reached the front of the skin or chest wall, as well as cancer of mastitis; Stage IIIC breast cancer - a tumor in the breast plus axillary metastases in breast and lymph nodes;
• Stage IV - tumor metastasis in distant organs.

Diagnosis and treatment

The diagnosis is made by examination of the doctor and confirmed by lab tests - ultrasound, mammography, ductography (X-rays breast ducts), magnetic resonance imaging, cytological and histological laboratory studies (investigates punctate or a piece of tissue taken by biopsy).

Treatment of breast cancer in women is complex and depends on the stage of the disease. Underwent surgical removal of the tumor with radiation or chemotherapy.

Forecast

Prognosis depends on the stage at which it was found and treated disease. The survival rate of patients treated in the early stages, for 10 years or more is about 98%. In the fourth step is only 10%.

Galina Romanenko

Pain in the right chest

Pain in the right side of the chest may occur in diseases of the breast, renal and hepatic colic, diseases of the stomach, spine, intercostal neuralgia Neuralgia - the scourge of the elderly , Injuries of the spine and rib cage, and some other states. Particular attention should be paid to the one-sided pain in the breast.

The manifestation of breast disease

Pain in both breasts, occurring during the second half of the menstrual cycle are usually normal variant or a manifestation of diffuse mastopathy - an initial stage of the disease. With such pain can be to see a doctor, but he probably limited to one examination or appoint another ultrasound.

More pain should alert a mammary gland (including the right side) is not associated with the menstrual cycle. Normally, such pain should not be, most often they are a sign of a nodal mastopathy, that is, the disease, which does not pass on their own and require surgical treatment. Nodular mastopathy should be treated in time, since it is considered a precancerous condition.

There are breast cancers that occur as an inflammatory process affecting wherein a mammary gland. In this type of cancer may appear and pains. Therefore, it is dangerous to self-treat any inflammation in the mammary gland, because if, for example, used in cancer treatments warming, the tumor will grow faster.

It can be painful and running types of cancer, when it begins to grow in the surrounding tissue, including the muscles in the chest.

Today, breast cancer in its early stages can be treated very well, while running the cancer is treated with difficulty.

Manifestation of kidney disease

Most often the pain can occur with kidney stones - inflammation of the kidneys Inflammation of the kidney - do not suffer pain   against various metabolic disorders with the formation of stones. In this case, the passage of a stone through the urinary tract to the right can begin renal colic, which appears very strong cutting pain in the lumbar region. But sometimes the pain can be located atypically - starts to hurt the entire right half of the thorax.

The cause of renal colic Renal colic: a signal that the danger in the bud   is the overlap of the urinary tract stone, thereby squeezing the walls of the urinary tract, impaired blood flow to the damaged portion and dying tissue. Therefore, it is important to remove the time renal colic. Do this by using drugs - antispasmodics and heat treatments (for example, shpy and warm baths).

The manifestation of diseases of biliary tract

Likewise, developing and biliary colic attack, occurs against a background of cholelithiasis. Passing by gall stone paths can cause an attack of severe pain in the right upper quadrant, donating up the entire right side of the chest. The pain may be aggravated by deep breathing and with pressure on the region of the gallbladder.

Such pain, but less intense and prolonged abuse may occur when the motor activity of biliary tract (dyskinesia), and diseases of the gallbladder (cholecystitis). First aid for acute cholecystitis is the introduction of antispasmodics (eg, no-spa). Acute cholecystitis (especially if the gallbladder contains stones) often requires emergency surgery.

Respiratory diseases

Pain respiratory diseases arise in the case where the process involves the pleura - thin serosa, which consists of two sheets and covers the lungs and chest wall cavity. Between the pleura is the pleural cavity. The pleura is a lot of nerve endings, therefore, any disease is accompanied by pain.

Such diseases include pleurisy and lung fever Pneumonia - Symptoms and Causes . When lobar pneumonia affects large areas of the lung tissue (or segments thereof), and always in the process involves the pleura. So begins lobar pneumonia with high fever and pain in the side on the side of destruction, and only a day or more can join cough - initially dry, then with sputum streaked with blood. Gradually the mucus becomes rusty color.

When pleurisy chest pain are always connected with the process of respiration: they are aggravated by inspiration, so slowly on the affected side is noticeable lag chest during respiration. And pleura, and lobar pneumonia are treated only in a hospital.

When the pain in the right side of the chest is necessary, first of all, to understand why they are there, and only then take steps to eliminate them. And understand this situation only by a doctor.