As you know, almost every woman once in a lifetime or several celebrated at the menstrual cycle. The natural question that arises in this state - is "why is a violation of the menstrual cycle." Sometimes the cause of quite simple, and in some cases take a long and complicated inspection. Violation of the menstrual cycle can be a sudden and quite expected (for example, the presence of chronic diseases). To identify the cause of cycle disorders, should consult a doctor, he not only will the necessary examination, and prescribe quality treatment.

The normal menstrual cycle

The menstrual cycle is a natural physiological process and is cyclical changes occurring in the body approximately one month. Menstruating girls normally start at the age of twelve to fifteen years, and ends about 45-55 years of age (menopause). The normal menstrual cycle lasts from 21 to 35 days. Menstruation lasts three - seven days, and the amount of lost blood is 50-150 ml.

Physiological causes menstrual irregularities

For physiological reasons, menstrual disorders include conditions such as:

• Gestation

At a delay menstruation for more than seven days, it is first necessary to exclude pregnancy. The easiest way to eliminate this condition is to conduct a pregnancy test. But we should consider the fact that you may experience an ectopic pregnancy that requires immediate surgery.

• Lactation

During breastfeeding menstruation, as a rule, lacking. Such a "violation" of the cycle is called lactation amenorrhea. This is associated with production of the hormone prolactin, which inhibits the synthesis of other hormones, leading to the absence of menstruation.

• Menopause

During premenopausal Premenopausal women - one step in a woman's life Or menopause menstruation become irregular. Menopause - is a natural ovarian failure, sex hormones begin to "jumping" up and down, disrupting the menstrual cycle.

• Adolescence

As noted above, the first period starting at the age of twelve to fifteen years. After the appearance of menarche menstrual cycle is not immediately become a regular for its establishment takes time (from one to one and a half years). If during this time the menstrual cycle does not become a regular, you need to see a doctor.

Pathologic causes of menstrual disorders

Pathologic causes that lead to the disruption of the menstrual cycle are many and varied:

• Hormonal disorders

It is known that the menstrual cycle is regulated in five levels. Any failure on any level leads to disruption of the cycle. For example, often marked by irregular menstrual cycles in diseases of the thyroid and parathyroid glands. Also, menstrual disorders may occur when adrenal disease, chronic somatic diseases or systemic diseases (rheumatoid arthritis Arthritis - a variety of forms and complications , Systemic lupus erythematosus). Often, failures occur in the menstrual cycle in diabetes (the pancreas is involved).

• Stressful situations

Nervous stress or depression Depression - a little more than a bad mood   also lead to disruption of the cycle. Equally important is the nature of women. At hysterically minded women also often develop a violation of the cycle.

• Mental illness

Such mental illness Mental illness - ashamed to ask for help? Like schizophrenia, alcoholic psychosis or epilepsy are also responsible for violations of the cycle.

• Changing Climate

Abrupt climate change (for example, go on vacation in the winter from the north to the south) leads to failure of the menstrual cycle.

• Medication

Taking certain medications (cytostatic drugs, drugs for the treatment of systemic diseases) is the cause of cycle disorders.

• Sudden loss or weight gain

The sharp change in body weight violate the neuro-endocrine connection, which leads to an irregular cycle or absence of menstruation.

• Wrong way of life

Abuse of alcohol, smoking and drug abuse also disrupt the menstrual cycle.

Anna Sozinova

  A woman's body is arranged very difficult for the first time with these complexities girls face during adolescence, when her first menstruation occurs, and therefore, there comes a restructuring of the entire body. A lot of the nuances of the maturation of the female body works and require explanation and better if in this period the girl explain what exactly is going on in her body.

What happens in the body of the girl in the period of "perestroika"

The girl's body is formed under the influence of female hormones estrogen: increased body weight, formed the primary sexual characteristics (breasts develop, the changes affect the external and internal sex organs) .  When the weight of the girl's body reaches a certain level, the work included the supreme regulator of the body's endocrine system - the hypothalamus (part of the brain that is responsible for the work of hormones) .  In this regard, the girls who have a lot of weight, puberty occurs earlier .  The hypothalamus acts on the main endocrine glands - the pituitary gland, which is in response to this signal begins to produce gonadotrophic (stimulating the production of sex hormones) hormones - luteinizing and follicle-stimulating (FSH and LH) .  Under the influence of these hormones in the ovaries (female gonads) are produced by the female sex hormones (estrogen and progesterone) and the egg ripens first .

The first act begins FSH - it stimulates the production of estrogen and controls the maturation of the egg. The egg matures in a special bubble, follicle. As she matured, the work included LH, which promotes the rupture of the follicle (this point is called ovulation) and release of the egg out. The egg is sent to travel the fallopian tubes to meet there with sperm. At this time, along with an increase in LH levels observed rise in FSH and testosterone (male sex hormone, which in small amounts is always present in a woman's body). A slight increase in the level of testosterone leads to a more pronounced sexual desire.

Under the influence of estrogen the uterus prepares to receive a fertilized egg (embryo): it expands the mucous membrane, which must be attached to the fertilized egg. LG promotes development in the rest of the torn sheath of the follicle (it turns into a corpus luteum) progesterone, the amount of which increases after ovulation Ovulation - How to determine as accurately as possible? . If fertilization does not occur, the lining of the uterus is torn away and menstruation occurs.

All phases of the menstrual cycle is not formed at once, it takes about a year. If disrupted hypothalamus or pituitary gland, it can come malformation of the menstrual cycle, that is, delayed sexual development occur.

What is menarche

If the hormonal development of girls is correct, then in 12-13 years, it appears first menstruation or menarche. Menarche typically occurs within two years after the first change occurs in the development of breast. During this period, there is an active development of the body of the female type: hips become wider, formed breasts, increases the size of the vulva and begin their body hair on the female type. Menarche - a major sign of puberty Puberty child - stages of a complex path   female body pointing to the body's ability to become pregnant.

Female sex hormones (estrogen and progesterone) cause breast tenderness, increased mucus released from the canal of the cervix, endometrium proliferation and so on. E., That is prepare the body for pregnancy. The male sex hormone responsible for sexual desire. Violation of the ratio of male and female sex hormones, as well as the lack of gonadotropins (LH and FSH) cause various disturbances in the maturation of the body girls.

Time menarche depends on the physical development of girls of her power, previous diseases, living conditions, etc. Harbingers menarche may be fluctuations in mood and well-being (irritability, fatigue, depression Depression - a little more than a bad mood , Weakness, headache, dizziness, abdominal pain, nausea, etc.).

The impact of stress on the formation of menstrual girls

During the formation of the menstrual cycle and the restructuring of the whole organism girl becomes very sensitive to different kinds of emotional impact. Stress help reduce the work of the hypothalamus, which is not so actively "demands" of pituitary gonadotropins LH and FSH. Reduced quantities of LH and FSH levels leads to a decrease in production of female sex hormones. It may appear the complete absence of menstruation (amenorrhea) or severe disturbance of their regularity.

The very first menstruation may cause the girl's state of stress How to beat stress? Create an oasis If it is not prepared for this, so a girl aged 10-11 years should already know what is happening in her body, it must be psychologically prepared for the appearance of the first menstrual period - menarche.

In some cases, you need to contact the children's gynecologist

Very early or, alternatively, after menarche may be either one of the norm (e.g., innate feature that was in the mother), and a sign of the disease.

Very early appearance of menarche (under 10 years) should be the reason for going to the doctor as this could be a sign of a brain tumor or ovarian cancer. Late ripening (after 15 years) may be a sign of any hormonal disturbances and, therefore, should also be consulted at the gynecologist.

  Galina Romanenko