How is the inflammation of the kidney

Pyelonephritis inflammation mainly affects renal pelvis, interstitial tissue (connective tissue forming frame kidney) and adipose tissue located around the kidney. If both kidneys are affected, the inflammation can develop in them unevenly.

In chronic course of the disease for each exacerbation expanded area of ​​destruction of kidney tissue. At the same time inflammation does not end with the restoration of soft interstitial connective tissue, instead developing a rough scar connective tissue, which causes wrinkling of the kidneys and the reduction of its functions.

Acute pyelonephritis can be serous or purulent. When serous pyelonephritis Pyelonephritis - kidney disease   (inflammation without pus) kidney and surrounding fat tissue increases in the volume swell. If time does not prescribe adequate treatment, the serous process can go into a purulent.

Signs of acute inflammation of the kidneys

Acute pyelonephritis usually begins with high fever and pain on the affected side. Constant aching pain may be replaced by bouts of acute pain, often joined by nausea and vomiting. After several hours, the temperature is usually fever critically reduced, accompanied by sweating. After some time, an attack of fever resumes. When purulent process may be signs of irritation of the peritoneum (peritonitis).

The most difficult runs secondary pyelonephritis associated with impaired patency of the urinary tract. There are low-symptom (latent) form of acute pyelonephritis in which all of the above symptoms are mild.

Complications of acute pyelonephritis may be an abscess Abscess - why it is so dangerous ulcers?   kidneys, blood poisoning and acute renal failure (kidney loses its function and there is poisoning of the body's own metabolic products).

Symptoms of chronic inflammation of the kidneys

If acute pyelonephritis occurs three or more months, talking about his transition to the chronic form. In some cases, the disease is chronically at the outset.

During the chronic pyelonephritis is dominated by the common signs of the disease, typical of many chronic processes: weakness, lethargy, fatigue, malfunction, malaise, small (subfebrile) increase in temperature. They are joined by the moderate lower back pain, sometimes (if urinary tract amazed) - frequent painful urination.

Chronic pyelonephritis is prolonged, with exacerbations and states outside of exacerbations (possibly lengthy). Complications of chronic inflammation of the kidneys is inflammation of adipose tissue surrounding the kidney (paranephritis) and chronic renal failure Chronic renal failure - what to do and how to be?   (kidney progressively loses its function).

Diagnosis of inflammation of the kidneys

The diagnosis of inflammation of the kidneys should always be confirmed by laboratory tests of blood and urine tests that detect the presence of inflammation in the kidney. Urine culture is carried out on nutrient medium for the detection of the causative agent and its sensitivity to the antibiotic and biochemical studies to test kidney function.

It is also important to find out if there are any obstacles in the path of urine (ie, is not whether the secondary pyelonephritis). For the detection of defects of this kind conducted radiographic and ultrasound examinations.

Treatment of inflammation of the kidneys

Patients with acute inflammation or acute exacerbation of chronic process appointed antibiotics (with taking into account the sensitivity of the pathogens to them), drugs that stimulate the body's defenses. When a serious condition patients are assigned to intravenous drip solutions, helps cleanse the body Cleansing the body - comprehensive restoration   by metabolic products.

In some cases (for example, renal abscess) conducted emergency surgery - opening the abscess. After removal of the inflammatory process, if there is a violation of patency of the urinary tract, held their quick elimination.

Causes

Causative agents of pyelonephritis is most often E. coli, Staphylococcus, Proteus and other pathogens. Often there is a mixed flora. Hearth, from which infection through the blood and lymph vessels can be entered in the kidney are any inflammatory diseases, such as chronic tonsillitis Chronic tonsillitis - inflammation of the tonsils .

Another equally important reason is the presence of pyelonephritis in the kidney and urinary tract changes, contributing to the stagnation of urine which favors the development of infections. These changes can be acute obstruction of the urinary tract caused by a stone or tumor, the opposite throwing urine in different parts of the ureter and kidney (reflux).

Of great importance is the general weakening of the body and lowered immunity caused by hypothermia, various diseases of internal organs, lack of vitamins.

Signs of acute pyelonephritis

Usually, pyelonephritis starts with sudden fever, chills, muscle aches and joint pain, headache, nausea, vomiting. After several hours, the temperature is usually fever sharply reduced and there is profuse sweating, and the next day (often at the same time) rises again sharply.

In the lumbar region there is pain and muscle tension. The pains are aggravated by impaired patency of the urinary tract, given in the crotch and thigh. There may be a painful frequent urination.

But there is also a moderate course of acute pyelonephritis, with all of the above events are mild.

Chronic pyelonephritis

Chronic pyelonephritis is found predominantly in young and middle age, women are 2-3 times more often than men. The disease is considered chronic if the signs are held for more than three months. If the proceeds initially chronic pyelonephritis, its symptoms may not be noticed.

Typically, patients complain of weakness, fatigue, malaise, mild pain in the lumbar region, low-grade fever, recurrent frequent painful urination. The face of such patients are usually pale, slightly puffy.

The disease is prolonged, with relapses and remissions (possibly long-term).

Complications

Acute pyelonephritis can be complicated by suppurative process - kidney abscess or carbuncle, that manifest deterioration of the patient, sharp changes in temperature. Acute pyelonephritis may also be complicated by urosepsis (blood poisoning) and bacterial shock due to exposure to poison bacteria on the cardiovascular system (sudden pallor, cold sweat, drop in blood pressure and loss of consciousness).

Chronic pyelonephritis may be complicated by inflammation of the surrounding kidney fat (paranephritis), chronic renal failure Chronic renal failure - what to do and how to be? When the kidneys can not cope with their work for the removal of toxic substances from the body.

Diagnostics

To confirm the diagnosis of pyelonephritis conducted laboratory tests of blood and urine, as well as X-ray and ultrasound.

In general, the analysis of blood shows signs of inflammation: ESR and accelerated increase in the number of white blood cells (the defense against infection), especially increasing the number of granular white blood cells (leukocyte formula shift to the left) that leads directly to the bacteria-fighting invaders.

Required studies are being conducted to detect violations of kidney function (urea, creatinine Creatinine - will talk about the work of the kidneys   blood, etc.)

In general, the analysis of urine revealed a large number of white blood cells (pus), and bacteria. In order to know how to treat this patient, the urine culture is carried out on nutrient medium for the identification of pathogen and defining its sensitivity to various antibacterial drugs.

When the X-ray and ultrasound revealed various violations of the outflow of urine.

Treatment

Patients with acute pyelonephritis should be treated only in a hospital. Held immunostimulatory and antibiotic therapy, removal of toxins from the body. When complications as abscesses, as well as kidney stones Kidney stones: identify and treat , Perepyatstvuyuschih outflow of urine, operations are carried out.

Chronic pyelonephritis should be treated in a comprehensive and long-term. Eliminates the causes of the violation of the outflow of urine or renal blood flow - usually by surgery. Antibiotic treatment is conducted after determining the sensitivity of the pathogen to antibiotics. ALWAYS restorative treatment and improve immunity.