Problems with urination

With age, men often have problems with urination. It can be such manifestations:

• More frequent desires, especially at night
• The sense of urgency
• The feeling of incomplete emptying of the bladder Urinary bladder - structure and function
• The difficulty with the beginning of urination
• Incontinence when you laugh or cough

The weakening of the jet

With age, these problems occur in all men. But all of this - a reason to see a doctor, especially if symptoms worsen.

The doctor will do an exam of the prostate to see if it is not increased, and there are no knots in it. The prostate increases with age, most often it is due to benign disease - benign prostatic hyperplasia Adenoma of the prostate - how to help a man? . Also, the doctor will prescribe a blood test to check the level of prostate-specific antigen (PSA). This analysis helps to identify the presence of prostate cancer. If the doctor will note deviations in the prostate or high PSA level, it may refer you to a urologist or a biopsy. But sometimes prostate cancer Prostate Cancer - enough to remove the tumor?   PSA level does not rise.

Indigestion

It often happens that men, especially the elderly, mistaken for a heart attack indigestion. However, recurring stomach problems can be symptoms of cancer of the esophagus Esophageal cancer: look for the cause in the diet , Throat or stomach. If the condition worsens, seek medical advice.

The doctor will ask about medical history and symptoms. Depending on this, he will appoint further research.

Treatment of papillary thyroid cancer

The method of the first-line treatment for papillary cancer Breast cancer - the verdict?   Thyroid cancer is surgical removal - a procedure known as thyroidectomy. There are two kinds of thyroidectomy - partial and complete.

• The total thyroidectomy

This type of treatment involves complete removal of the thyroid gland. Total thyroidectomy is used more often than a partial, as it provides a better guarantee removal of all the cancer.

In most cases, operation continues 3-4 hours. The surgeon makes a small incision in the front of the neck, acting very carefully not to damage this area located in important structures, such as the vocal cords. For this reason, sometimes leave a small area of ​​the thyroid gland, located next to the laryngeal nerve, which plays a big role in phonation.

One of the consequences of full tireodiektomii is hypothyroidism - reduced levels of thyroid hormones Thyroid hormones: mechanism of action and physiological effects   in the body, because they have nothing more to produce. The patient is assigned a substitution therapy tireodinyh hormones.

• Partial thyroidectomy

Patients with small papillary tumors located in one lobe of the thyroid gland, and has not spread to other organs, the treatment can be quite partial thyroidectomy.

Cancerous tumors, for assigning the operation to eliminate this type have a diameter of less than 1 cm. If such tumor is localized exclusively in one of the lobes of the thyroid gland The thyroid gland - is responsible for your hormones , Remove the other part of the gland is not required.

The operation takes 1.5-2 hours. In contrast, total thyroidectomy, partial tireodiektomiya not lead to hypothyroidism - the remaining part of the thyroid gland continues to produce enough hormones. However, depending on the results of further studies of the thyroid gland, the patient may still be assigned to administration of drugs containing thyroid hormones to suppress the activity of the thyroid gland.

After operation

Although thyroidectomy is sufficiently extensive procedure, the recovery period is typically short. Additionally, after the procedure, many patients experience only minimal discomfort.

Immediately after the operation and termination of anesthesia the patient can speak normally and there - seam on the neck that does not interfere.

After total thyroidectomy patients usually carried out in the hospital overnight, and after removing a portion of the thyroid is usually discharged after a few hours.

Thyroidectomy - risks and complications

Thyroidectomy - a safe procedure associated with minimal risks. Because during the operation performed dissection of skin on the neck, there is a slight chance of damage to the vocal cords. If this happens, the patient is likely to vote for life remain a hoarse or raspy.

Sometimes a change of voice after the operation takes place despite the fact that the vocal cords were not affected. The reason for this is usually edema Prevention and treatment of edema - it is important to understand the root cause   in the larynx and injuries caused by tubes that doctors inserted into the trachea of ​​the patient. If the vocal cords are intact, the voice is usually restored within 3-6 months. If the changes are saved for six months, it is necessary to turn to professionals to help restore the voice.

The risk of permanent damage to the vocal cords during thyroidectomy is about 1%.

During the operation, you can also damage the parathyroid or parathyroid glands located behind the thyroid gland. These glands control the level of calcium in the body. If one of them is damaged, it can develop hypoparathyroidism. In some cases, it becomes a violation of the trigger hypocalcemia, disorders in which the level of calcium in the blood becomes abnormally low. Hypocalcemia can be easily cured by taking supplements containing calcium and vitamin D.

Approximately one third of patients after tireodiektomii observed temporary hypocalcemia, signs of which are numbness and tingling in the fingertips and lips. These symptoms disappear soon after a person starts taking calcium.

There is a probability of persistent problems with calcium levels in the blood, but this occurs less than 1% percent of the patients.

In general, thyroidectomy is safe and very effective; its complications are rare and usually easily removed.