Shell eyes

The human eye has three membranes: the outer, middle (vascular) and internal (the retina). The front part of the outer membrane of the eye called the cornea, it is transparent, convex, passes and refracts light rays. The rest of the outer shell (sclera) is opaque.

Average shell consists of small blood vessels that supply blood to the eye tissue brings the nutrients and oxygen. The front part of the choroid is called the iris, the side - the ciliary body, the rear - the actual choroid, which is in direct contact with the retina, ensuring it with necessary nutrients.

The inner membrane of the eye, or retina consists of several layers of nerve cells, it displayed on the objects that we see. Information on them is then transmitted by the optic nerve to the brain. It is best to "see" a central part of the retina, where the main amount of visual cells.

What delamination (detachment) of the retina

Retinal detachment - is a process of separation of the retina from the choroid. This causes a marked reduction and distortion of vision and even blindness. Retinal detachment can be primary (for example, break it in the fall, injury, weight lifting) and the secondary when the cause detachment are various eye diseases (tumors that develop from the choroid, vitreous hemorrhage, inflammation of the choroid, diabetes Diabetes - threatening and incurable disease   and so on). Retinal detachment is largely dependent on hereditary and congenital factors.

Signs

Symptoms of retinal detachment need to know that, if necessary, seek medical advice immediately.

First of all, retinal detachment may indicate the appearance of the shroud in front of the affected eye, a flash of lightning and sparks before the eyes, distortion of objects falling out of sight of their individual sites. If there were all these (or individual) symptoms, you should consult a doctor immediately. It makes no sense to treat yourself, since retinal detachment will only surgery. It should be remembered that the more time has passed since the detachment, the more nerve cells died, and thus harder to recover vision after surgery.

Diagnostics

First of all, the ophthalmologist examines the eyes carefully, including with the use of instrumental methods of diagnosis. Being tested visual acuity (violation of state reveals the central area of ​​the retina), the study of peripheral vision (to assess the condition of the retina in the periphery), measurement of intraocular pressure (which can be reduced), fundus examination (you can determine the exact location of the gap).

Ultrasound examination of the eye makes it possible to judge the size of the state of detachment and vitreous, and electrophysiological study - to determine the viability of nerve cells of the retina and optic nerve.

Transaction

Retinal detachment is treated only by surgical operations. This success of the operation depends on how much time has passed since detachment (efficiency from 90 to 40% or less, depending on the time of treatment). Significantly detached retina, has long suffered from a lack of oxygen and nutrients to recover more difficult.

Surgery for retinal detachment Retinal detachment - it is not necessary to delay the operation   is performed under general or local anesthesia. Under the operating microscope find a place retinal tear and close it using a specially-induced inflammation (such as cold or laser). Then, using a special technique closer to the retina choroid. In partial retinal detachment method is applied locally filling the gap in the area of ​​the retina. When changes of the vitreous can be an operation to replace it: remove the vitreous (vitrectomy), but instead introduced a special solution, which is pressed down inside the retina to the choroid.

After surgery, it is recommended for several days to comply with bed rest, then the patient can lead a normal life, following a period of three months, certain rules: do not lift weights, do not do sports, to protect the eyes from the sudden changes in temperature, in the street wearing sunglasses, not to bend not to make any sudden movements of the head.

Prevention

Prevention is the early detection of diseases of retina and vitreous and their treatment. When myopia Myopia - when visual acuity falls   or eating disorders of the retina, should be regularly examined by an ophthalmologist and preventative treatment.

  Galina Romanenko

Reasons oftalmokseroza

Oftalmokseroz often occurs due to other systemic diseases - such as Sjogren's syndrome Sjogren's Syndrome: systemic autoimmune disease , Rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, amyloidosis, hypothyroidism. Moreover, the cause of the disease may be a deficiency of vitamin A, taking certain medications - including antihistamines, anti nasal congestion, tranquilizers, antidepressants. Thermal or chemical burns can also be a cause of oftalmokseroza.

Abnormal dryness and thickening of the conjunctiva and cornea can be caused by trauma, endemic diseases, a condition in which the eyelids do not close their eyes completely systematic vitamin A deficiency due to poor nutrition. Deficiency of vitamin A in the body can cause problems with the digestion, protein deficiency or zinc, which prevents the production of vitamin A by the liver, as well as lack of calories, the problem with the conversion of beta-carotene to retinol in the body.

Manifestations

In the early stages of the disease the main symptom oftalmokseroza gets the feeling of being a foreign object in the eye, mild irritation, discomfort, desire to constantly blinking. Later, with the development of the disease, the eyes are particularly sensitive to light, there is night blindness and corneal plaques appear xerotic. Visual acuity is gradually reduced, however, at this stage of the disease is still curable.

If untreated, progressive disease accompanied by the gradual drying of the mucous membrane of the eyes, the destruction of dental enamel, unpleasant taste in the mouth, dryness and bad breath Breath (halitosis) - is sometimes useful to close the mouth . In addition, in some cases oftalmokseroz accompanied by diarrhea, respiratory infections, weakened immune systems, which makes the patient more vulnerable to other diseases.

Treatment

Treatment combined with some changes in diet and lifestyle to help get rid of the disease. The ophthalmologist can diagnose "oftalmokseroz" after a thorough examination of the eye. In the treatment of such diseases prescribed medications as Restasis, topical corticosteroids, tetracycline and doxycycline tablets. Most patients experience only oftalmokserozom discomfort while vision remains normal.

To correct the deficiency of vitamin A in the body, contributing to the development of the disease, treatment oftalmokseroza provides vitamin A. To protect against infection and maintain the necessary moisture balance conjunctiva used antibiotic ointments, soft contact lenses Contact lenses - whether they can completely replace the glasses? , eye drops.

As a balanced diet is one of the most important factors in the treatment of oftalmokseroza, patients are advised to increase the amount of edible vegetables, herbs and milk. In addition, the recommended diet with high protein and vitamin A. Patients with a diagnosis of "oftalmokseroz" to avoid filled with smoke and a stuffy room, protect the eyes from dust, dirt and wind outdoors with the help of glasses, to keep moist air in the room.

Natural sources of vitamin A - carrot juice and cod liver oil Fish oil - so whether it is useful to think? Which at oftalmokseroze should be consumed in the amount of two tablespoons daily. In addition, patients are recommended oftalmokserozom green vegetables, liver, broccoli, eggs, apricots, mangoes and papayas. Smoking and stay close to the smokers must be abandoned.