In the practice of otolaryngologists firmly established as a diagnostic and therapeutic endoscopy of the nose. Diagnostic nasal endoscopy can detect and accurately diagnose the majority of ENT diseases in the early stages. A medical endoscopy to minimize the risks of surgical interventions in the area of ​​the nose and paranasal sinuses.

Diagnostic nasal endoscopy

Diagnostic endoscopy Endoscopy - not only diagnosis but also treatment procedure   nose can detect, both explicit and latent pathology: the curvature of the side wall of the nasal cavity (it opened sinuses), and the first signs of any pathological changes of nasal mucosa.

Diagnostic nasal endoscopy performed in such patients complaints, as a violation of nasal breathing, persistent allocation Discharges in women when there is cause for concern   from the nasal cavity, violations of sense of smell, hearing, frequently recurring nosebleeds, suspected benign or malignant tumors of the nasal cavity, polyps, and inflammatory diseases of the paranasal sinuses, chronic headaches of uncertain origin. Furthermore, endoscopy is used to control the nose for the treatment, including after endoscopic surgery.

Endoscope for endoscopy is a flexible tube, equipped at one end of an optical fiber and a video camera, and the other - the eyepiece, which looks physician. The image can be transmitted on the monitor screen. Modern endoscopes are equipped with digital video cameras.

Before the study, the mucosa of the nasal cavity is applied local anesthetic agent (usually lidocaine). Field of the endoscopist enters into the nasal cavity through the nostril endoscope. The study takes a few minutes.

Using nasal endoscopic diagnosis doctor can conduct in-depth study of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses. Endoscopy of the nose is painless and completely safe for the patient procedure, during which the entire nasal cavity is studied very carefully, in small portions with varying degrees of zoom and different angles. Then, with the same care we study paranasal sinuses. As a result, if done correctly can be revealed endoscopic diagnosis ENT diseases at the earliest stages of development.

Therapeutic endoscopy of the nose

Therapeutic endoscopy of the nose - a little traumatic operation in the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses using endoscopic equipment. Every year, indications for such operations is expanding, and the operations themselves are becoming more complex, while remaining the most gentle.

Otolaryngology is a pioneer in the application of endoscopic techniques for the surgical treatment of patients. Such operations have started to do some forty years ago, the founder of the Endoscopic Surgery of the nose is considered an Austrian scientist Messerklingera.

Most of today's endoscopes for endoscopic operations, equipped with digital cameras and computer navigation system that creates on the screen three-dimensional image of the sinuses. This is very important because it allows the doctor to lead the correct diagnosis and facilitates the operation.

Infectious-inflammatory diseases of the paranasal begin, as a rule, against a background of small anatomical changes to the side wall of the nasal cavity, where the exit holes of the paranasal sinuses. Small changes in the side wall leads to the fact that the contents of the sinus does not have free drainage into the nasal cavity, stagnates in the sinus, it multiply infectious agents that cause chronic inflammation.

During endoscopic surgery nasal sinus outflow of contents from recovered, which leads to its self-cleaning and cessation of the inflammatory process. After these operations, the face does not remain scars.

The advantages of endoscopic surgery in the nasal cavity

The indisputable advantage of endoscopic surgery of the nose and paranasal sinuses is the low invasiveness of operations, as for their implementation does not require the traditional cuts, just a few punctures. In the treatment of various diseases of the paranasal sinuses operates the endoscope allows the doctor to see directly the pathological center and remove it without damaging while the surrounding healthy tissue. This helps to minimize complications during and after operations (including almost never bleeding) and more rapid recovery of patients after. After endoscopic surgery are practically no pain, only slight discomfort, which quickly passes.

Diagnostic and therapeutic endoscopy - a method that is not used in the first year of Otolaryngology.

Galina Romanenko

What are antibiotics to treat angina

Bioparox

The active ingredient in the composition is Bioparox fusafungine, the preparation from the group of polypeptide antibiotics .  It is contraindicated in individuals with hypersensitivity to any of its components (including, for auxiliary substances) and children under 2 . 5 years .  This topical antibiotic with angina take, usually within five days .  Adults are recommended to do inhalation using a special nozzle every four hours for children - again at six o'clock .  Treatment to be as effective as possible, you should take bioparoks exactly as directed by your doctor .  Bioparox can cause side effects such as dry mouth, sneezing, and sometimes - redness and swelling of the mucous membranes of the respiratory tract .  If the side effects of the drug cause severe discomfort, as soon as possible to talk about this with your doctor .  Before you start taking Bioparox, tell your doctor if you have ever had an allergic reaction to any medication, as well as inform them about the medications you are currently taking .

Amoxicillin

Amoxicillin - an antibiotic from the penicillin group, whose members are most often used to treat angina .  Doctors prescribe penicillin antibiotics for sore throat in adults and children, as well as in pregnant and breastfeeding women; although today there are more bacteria resistant to drugs of this type for the treatment of angina, they are still quite effective .  Amoxicillin rarely causes side effects, and in most cases nausea and diarrhea, and sometimes - vomiting which are poorly expressed, and tested soon after the patient stops the medication .  Consult your doctor is only the case if these side effects persist for several days in a row .  More serious side effects can occur if treatment with amoxicillin lasts a few weeks, but the duration of therapy of angina is rarely more than seven days .  Before starting treatment, tell your doctor about all medications you are taking (including a non-prescription medicines and means on the basis of medicinal herbs) and that if anything in your history of renal disease and infectious mononucleosis .  Amoxicillin can to some extent reduce the effectiveness of oral contraception, so during treatment is necessary to abstain from sexual intercourse or use barrier contraception .

Cephalexin

Cephalexin - a drug from the group of cephalosporins. Treatment of angina cephalosporin group of antibiotics is usually prescribed to patients who are allergic to penicillin and macrolides. The most common side effects is diarrhea cephalosporin; it usually does not cause severe discomfort and held shortly after the end of treatment, but if the diarrhea is significantly enhanced, you need to inform your doctor. Signs of a more serious but rare side effects of cephalexin may be unusual vaginal discharge Vaginal discharge   or white patches in the mouth (these are the symptoms of fungal infections), severe abdominal pain Abdominal pain: Types and Symptoms   and the presence of blood in the stool. Admission cephalexin is not recommended in patients with allergy to penicillins and cephalosporins, with kidney disease, stomach and intestines. Cephalexin sold in solution form, may contain sugar, and patients with diabetes should be taken with caution. If you have to any surgery, tell your doctor that you are taking cephalexin.

Bakampitsillin

Bakampitsillin - an antibiotic penitsillionovoy group that is most often used to treat gonococcal tonsillitis, but it effectively fights and many other pathogens angina. Since bakampitsillin reduces the effectiveness of combined oral contraceptives, during the course of treatment is recommended to use additional means of contraception.

The most common side effects are nausea bakampitsillina, diarrhea and abdominal pain. When these side effects should see a doctor: unusual vaginal discharge Vaginal discharge: normal or disease?   and / or itching of the vulva, a white coating on the tongue, muscle cramps, severe diarrhea.

Signs of overdose are bakampitsillina seizures or muscle weakness, pain in the fingers and toes, reducing the sensitivity of the fingers, creating confusion, irritability. If you suspect an overdose as soon as possible go to the doctor.

Due to the fact that in recent years has been steadily increasing the number of strains of bacteria resistant to drugs from the "old guard" - primarily penicillin - now increasingly have to use a new generation of antibiotics for sore throat, for example, clarithromycin and azithromycin.

Azithromycin

Azithromycin - the preparation of the macrolide .  This antibiotic is used in angina is quite rare - it is effective, but can sometimes cause serious side effects .  However, in some cases, a doctor may prescribe for treating sore throat azithromycin .  Since this drug is maximally effective when its concentration in the blood during the course of treatment is approximately the same, it is important to take it each day at the same time .  Side effects of azithromycin may be an upset stomach, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea and abdominal pain .  Often, these symptoms disappear if you start to take this drug with food .  If over time the side effects become more severe, consult your doctor .  In rare cases, the side effects of azithromycin may be hearing loss, blurred vision, trouble swallowing and speech, muscle weakness, appearance of liver problems (signs of this may be fatigue, nausea and vomiting that does not go away within a few hours, severe pain in the stomach, yellowish skin and whites of the eyes, dark urine) .  When such side effects need to suspend acceptance of azithromycin as soon as possible and seek medical advice .  Azithromycin is contraindicated for allergies to its components, as well as in certain diseases of the liver and kidneys .  Pregnant and lactating women azithromycin with angina may be discharged only in case of emergency; the overwhelming cases doctors prescribe other antibiotics .

Clarithromycin

Clarithromycin is a macrolide antibiotic. It is contraindicated in case of allergy to the components of the drug, and in certain diseases of the liver and kidneys. Before use of clarithromycin should be reported to your doctor if you have a personal or family history of heart disease, and if you lowered levels of potassium or magnesium in the blood. Besides, in most cases, it is not recommended for macrolide antibiotics for sore throat nursing mother, as they are quite a lot of output in breast milk and their impact on the child is not well studied.

This antibiotic angina can cause side effects such as diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, and changes in taste perception. In some cases, its side effects can also be: a significant hearing loss, prolonged diarrhea, mood swings Mood swings in women - bad character or a disease? , Muscle weakness, severe pain in the abdomen. When these side effects do not need to take medication for diarrhea and painkillers - it can only worsen the symptoms.