Sometimes abdominal pain can be so severe that the patient does not touch him. In this case we speak about the acute abdomen. Acute abdomen brings together all the diseases that are accompanied by severe abdominal pain and require emergency surgery.

Acute abdomen - causes of

Acute abdomen - is a series of symptoms that develop in wounds and acute diseases of the abdominal cavity and retroperitoneal space. The main symptom of acute abdomen is a severe pain in the abdomen. Acute abdomen - a preliminary diagnosis, which says that the patient requires emergency (usually surgical) care. Later in the survey the diagnosis to be confirmed.

The causes of acute abdomen may be different. First of all, it's open and closed abdominal injuries, including a break of hollow organs - stomach, intestines and bladder Urinary bladder - structure and function .

Another equally common cause of acute abdomen are inflammatory diseases of the abdominal cavity. Most often it is acute appendicitis (inflammation of the appendix), acute cholecystitis (gallbladder inflammation), acute pancreatitis (inflammation of the pancreas), peritonitis (inflammation of the peritoneum - membrane lining the inside of the abdominal cavity). The cause of acute abdomen may be abdominal abscess.

Acute abdomen may occur when the perforation of a hollow organ that emerged with the disease of the internal organs of the abdominal cavity and retroperitoneal space. For example, perforation of the stomach wall can occur when a peptic ulcer. Rupture of the hollow organ may be accompanied by internal bleeding, such as ectopic pregnancy, there is a rupture of the fallopian tube, which is accompanied by severe bleeding. Perforation may occur when released into the gastrointestinal tract of a foreign body, such as a needle.

Syndrome of acute abdomen may occur when ileus, acute circulatory disorders in the intestinal wall (this results in extinction) with torsion legs cysts or tumors located in the abdominal cavity and in certain other diseases and conditions.

The symptoms of acute abdomen - they must know each

The main symptom is a severe acute abdomen pain that can be localized on any particular area, and around the abdomen. Sometimes the pain can be so strong that it begins a painful shock.

Often the pain to the very beginning of the disease joins vomiting, vomit at the same time contain the remains of food, gastric juice and bile. If acute abdomen accompanied by bleeding from the stomach, the vomit may look like coffee grounds, or contain an admixture of fresh blood.

In some cases, abdominal pain accompanied by prolonged painful hiccups Hiccups - and if this is something serious?   - It is the result of irritation of the phrenic nerve. Due to the irritation of the nerve pain in the abdomen increases sharply when trying to take a horizontal position of the patient, so the patient is constantly trying to catch (a symptom of Roly-Poly).

In acute abdomen often develops ileus, which is accompanied by a delay chair and gases. But in some cases it and diarrhea.

Very suffers general condition of the patient, the pain is so strong that it does not touch the belly. When you try to test the stomach can be seen that this is impossible because of the reflex muscle tension in the abdomen - the belly "as a board."

The correct diagnosis of severe pain in the abdomen - the mainstay of treatment

When the diagnosis is very important questioning of the patient and his relatives, the study of the nature of pain, careful examination of the patient. Conduct necessary laboratory tests, which help to clarify the nature of changes occurring in the body and their severity. For example, inflammatory diseases (acute appendicitis, acute cholecystitis, etc.) is detected in the blood of a large number of white blood cells White blood cells as the basis of immunity , Including their younger forms. If internal bleeding in the blood decreases the number of erythrocytes and hemoglobin, and so forth.

X-ray examination carried out on a specific procedure: first review X-ray chest and abdominal cavities, and then X-ray of the abdomen of the patient in different positions. If it is impossible to diagnose contrast radiographic studies are conducted.

Patients with suspected acute abdomen should be immediately hospitalized in the surgical ward. The nature of the treatment depends on the cause of acute abdomen. In most cases, to relieve symptoms of acute abdomen requires surgery. But in some cases (for example, acute pancreatitis) sometimes helps and conservative treatment.

Severe abdominal pain Abdominal pain: Types and Symptoms   - A condition that requires immediate hospitalization and the provision of emergency assistance to him.

Galina Romanenko

Do headaches are very rarely a specific reason, and although it can cause a person a very strong discomfort in most cases it is not an indicator of a serious problem. Typically, they can be easily overcome with the help of medication and lifestyle changes.

The usual headache

As a rule, ordinary headache arises from the contraction of the muscles located under the skin of the head and neck muscles. Seventy percent of the headache are of this type. Headaches faced by people of any age, but most often they complain about teenagers and adults.

For most people, headache is episodic in nature, but some take a chronic form. The reasons for the headache may include:

• Stress
• Severe fatigue
• Permanent eye strain
• Poor posture
• Regular use of tobacco and / or alcohol
• Fluctuations in hormonal levels before and after menstruation

Migraine

Twenty percent of headaches are migraines. This type of headache is caused by constriction of blood vessels in the head and neck, because of which blood flow in them is considerably slowed down.

As a rule, during migraine attacks man feels throbbing pain on one side of the head; Sometimes the pain is accompanied by nausea and sensitivity to light and sound. Women are more prone to migraines than men. Migraine is often chronic. Causes of its development are not set, however it may be associated with the following factors:

• Migraine is a family history
• Prolonged muscle tension and stress How to beat stress? Create an oasis
• Alcohol abuse
• Smoking, including passive
• Lack of sleep
• Changes in hormone levels, and / or hormonal contraceptives
• Some foods, such as chocolate, nuts, fermented or pickled foods; foods containing tyramine (old cheese, red wine, smoked fish), as well as any food with preservatives and artificial flavor enhancers

Symptoms

The usual headache:

• The pain is felt in the whole head, sometimes in the neck.
• The pain may also be localized in the back or front of the head, or feel like a "tight belt" around the head.
• Unusual muscle strain in the back of the neck.
• The relatively short duration of pain with timely treatment.
• Often the pain goes away without treatment.

Migraine:

• Throbbing pain that is most strongly felt on one side of the head.
• Pain can be acute or obtuse; It often begins in the morning, and gradually increases.
• Sometimes the pain is accompanied by nausea, vomiting, dizziness Dizziness - if the ground is slipping from under his feet , Visual impairment.
• Increased sensitivity to sound and light.
• Migraine duration - from several hours to one or two days.

Most people experience headaches, do not go to the doctor and to facilitate the use of its state-counter pain relievers. In chronic headaches, as well as sudden attacks of very severe headache you need to see a doctor.

Treatment

For those who have headaches occur on a regular basis, can be very useful "headache diary". It should be recorded when the headaches as they are intense, How long, then stop. Once the headache, it is necessary to note the time and write down what you ate a few hours before the headaches, what did you do, and so on. May trigger headaches is the weather, air pressure, blood pressure, food, strife, failure at work, intense physical exercise, and so on. By identifying triggers, try to eliminate them from your life. If this is for some reason not possible, try to master the art of relaxation Relaxation and stress - calm, not panic! Which are very effective as a means for preventing headache.

The most popular and effective OTC remedy for headache are paracetamol, aspirin and ibuprofen. Keep in mind that aspirin is not for everyone. Before taking it, talk to your doctor.

Patients suffering from migraine I have a migraine. What to do? Often prescribe stronger prescription painkillers. They are most effective if taken at the beginning of an attack. One of the best remedies for migraine are triptans, such as sumatriptan (Imigran), or zolmitriptan (Zomig).

For the prevention of migraine using sodium valproate and beta-blockers such as propranolol.