What thromboembolism

Thromboembolism - an acute blockage of blood vessels thrombi trapped in the circulating blood, causing cessation of blood supply to these vessels respective tissues and organs.

The most frequent source of thromboembolism are blood clots that form in the veins of the systemic circulation. The arteries in the heart and blood clots are formed in approximately a tenth of the patients. Break away from the place of attachment of the thrombus or fragment (after the separation, he will be called an embolus) is usually transferred in the direction of the natural blood flow to the blood vessels, which is smaller than the lumen of the embolus - a direct type of thromboembolism. There is also a kind of embolism when embolus due to its gravity is moving against the flow of blood in the veins and the veins are usually thrombosing liver or kidneys (retrograde thromboembolism).

In place of the introduction of emboli release thromboembolic pulmonary circulation (including thromboembolism right cavities of the heart), arterial thromboembolism, systemic circulation and portal venous thromboembolism system.

Blood clots in the upper and lower vena cava (they fall into the right atrium) and the right cavities of the heart (blood in this half goes to the lungs, as part of the pulmonary circulation) can not penetrate into the arteries of the systemic circulation as "stuck", as a rule in small vessels of the lungs (pulmonary embolism). But some heart defects Heart defects - time heals?   between the right and left halves of the heart there is a message through which blood clots from the vena cava can get into the left side of the heart, and from there into the systemic circulation.

What contributes to the development of thromboembolism

Thromboembolism is a serious complication of a variety of diseases associated with increased blood clotting, vascular wall lesion (eg, atherosclerosis Atherosclerosis - a chronic disease of the arteries , Rheumatism), slowing blood flow due to heart failure Heart failure - when the heart is unable to cope with the work . A condition in which there is increased tendency to intravascular thrombosis and thromboembolism again called thromboembolic disease.

Loosely associated with their place of attachment of the clot can break off and become emboli in a sudden increase in intra-abdominal and intrathoracic pressure (eg, defecation, coughing, sneezing), the acceleration of blood flow in connection with physical activity, high temperature, by changing the position of the body.

Intracardiac thrombus detachment helps strengthen heart contractions, including the change in heart rhythm (eg, against an attack of atrial fibrillation) as well as the normalization of rhythm after a bout of arrhythmia.

As shown

Manifestations thromboembolism depend on its localization, as well as the caliber and total blood vessel is excluded from the circulation. Massive thrombosis of major vascular trunks (eg, pulmonary embolism, or blood vessels vital organs) can cause instant death.

Because arterial thromboembolism greatest importance thromboembolic cerebral arteries with ischemic stroke Stroke - a serious brain injury , Thromboembolism, splenic and hepatic artery infarction (cell death of tissue) of the relevant authority and the mesenteric artery thromboembolism (folds of the peritoneum that attach the internal organs of the abdominal cavity in its walls), which are accompanied by signs of acute abdomen (emergency condition requiring surgery).

Acute occlusion of large arteries appears disappearance rate and a decrease in skin temperature below the blockage of the vessel embolism, acute pain in violation of skin sensitivity, pallor is replaced by cyanosis, edema bloodless tissue with the threat of further limb gangrene.

Pretty rare coronary embolism (supplying the heart muscle) of the arteries. This greatly disturbed blood supply to the heart muscle that causes the death of its cells (myocardial infarction).

Very rarely an acute occlusion of the main trunk or branches of the hepatic artery with myocardial liver and vascular thrombosis with the development of the spinal cord paralysis and disorders of sensitivity.

Any form of thromboembolism patients received bed rest, sedatives and hypnotics. Be sure to designate three groups of products: promoting the dissolution of a blood clot (thrombolysis, for example, fibrinolysin, streptokinase), decrease in clotting properties of blood (anticoagulants, such as heparin) and a decrease in blood viscosity (antiplatelet agents, such as reopoligljukin).

In severe thromboembolism (for example, in pulmonary embolism) in order to save the patient's operation is conducted remove embolus (embolectomy).

Thromboembolism - a serious complication of some diseases that require immediate hospitalization.

Galina Romanenko

Where does thrombophlebitis

You probably noticed that sometimes the legs become so severe that it is difficult to go? Noticed, but did not seek medical attention, we thought that the very pass. And these were initial signs of varicose veins. In your veins stagnant blood, which promotes inflammation of the vein wall and the formation of blood clots, blood clots. The process may begin with the inflammation of the vein wall, causing thrombosis and vice versa, with the formation of a blood clot, which causes inflammation of the vein wall. Thrombophlebitis may develop in the surface and in the deep veins of the lower extremities. Maybe he hit and the basic (main) veins, then it becomes life-threatening.

How does acute thrombophlebitis of superficial veins

Suddenly appear sharp pain along the thrombosed varicose veins. Perhaps the rise in temperature to 38º. The skin around a vein becomes reddened and edematous, Vienna palpable as a thick strand painful. The duration of the acute period - up to 20 days. By this time, inflammation and thrombotic events usually end up. But the vein, which had once appeared thrombophlebitis, will be subject to an aggravation of the disease, a so-called recurrent thrombophlebitis.

Signs of acute deep vein tomboflebita shin

How this occurs depends on the form of thrombophlebitis amount involved in inflammation of the veins and their length. The disease usually begins with pain in the calf muscles, the propagation of the pain increases sharply, a feeling of fullness in the lower leg, the body temperature rises, deteriorating general condition. In the lower part of the lower leg edema can occur. At 2-3 days of the disease appears a network of surface varicose veins. Temperature tibia usually increased, there shin soreness when pressed in the anteroposterior direction (when squeezed laterally soreness offline). The duration of the acute period is also about 20 days.

Acute thrombophlebitis of femoral vein

If thrombophlebitis develops in the femoral vein to the confluence with the deep veins of the thigh, it often occurs in connection with the Private well-developed outflow of blood from the surrounding small veins. There are aching pain along the inside of the thigh and hip extension to the saphenous veins.

If the femoral Vienna amazed at a location above the confluence of the deep veins of the thigh, then there is a sudden sharp swelling and blue all over his legs, rapidly deteriorating general condition, body temperature rises. Pronounced swelling lasts 2-3 days, and then gradually decreases as the network develops additional (collateral) veins through which the blood gets an additional outflow. During this period you can see the extension of the saphenous veins in the upper thigh.

Complications thrombophlebitis of the lower limbs

The most severe complication of thrombophlebitis is a hit of the separated blood clot in the pulmonary artery (pulmonary embolism - PE), which often leads to instant death.

Another serious complication could be gangrene of the feet, which occurs when the stagnation in the veins and congestion in connection with this large amount of fluid in the tissues. Foot volume increases 2-3 times, which leads to arterial constriction and impaired blood circulation. Added to this putrid infection and developing gangrene.

In some cases there is purulent fusion of the affected vessels with the formation of superficial or deep abscesses (limited capsule abscess) and abscesses (no separated from the surrounding tissue abscess).

Posttomboflebitichesky syndrome

When untreated acute thrombophlebitis often posttomboflebitichesky syndrome. It manifests arching pain and feeling of heaviness in the lower leg edema Prevention and treatment of edema - it is important to understand the root cause   feet and legs, varicose veins Varicose veins - the operation is inevitable?   limbs, and sometimes the abdomen. The skin over a finite thinned not going to fold, devoid of hair. After a small injury or scratches on it may be formed nonhealing (trophic) ulcer. It can heal or decrease after treatment, and then reappear.

Prevention of thrombophlebitis

The best prevention is early treatment of thrombophlebitis of varicose veins. Therefore, if you notice in his legs twigs veins or you have a heaviness in the legs when walking, immediately contact the surgeon or, if possible - to the vascular surgeon (vascular surgeon). Varicose veins in the early stages can be successfully treated.