Ear surgery, its types, indications and contraindications

Ear surgery (otoplasty) - a surgery for the correction and rehabilitation of the ears and ear canal. Divided into reconstructive otoplasty (ear shell recovers all or some part of it) and aesthetic, when the ears correction is required.

Indications for plastic ears are:

• trauma, burns, frostbite of the ear, as a result of which it has completely changed its appearance, or has been removed completely;
• anotia - congenital anomaly, which is expressed in the complete absence of the ears;
• microtia - a congenital anomaly, when the ears are too small; often one-sided, mostly the right;
• makrotiya - congenital anomaly when the ears are too big and it is striking;
• protruding ears - the most common congenital abnormalities and the most common cause of plastic ears;
• ear satire - a congenital anomaly ears when they have a pointed shape;
• ear macaque - a congenital anomaly, when the ears are angled shape;
• ear with a large and convex antihelix (antihelix - is an elongated elevation on the surface of the ear, located parallel to the edge);
• forked earlobe - this can be a birth defect, and the consequences of injury (for example, when wearing heavy earrings);
• Various education tragus (tragus - a projection that covers the front opening of the auditory canal).

Kids Ear surgery recommended after five years.

Ear surgery is contraindicated:

• in violation of circulation at the site of the operation;
• in violation of blood coagulation;
• with severe diseases of internal organs;
• for patients with diabetes Diabetes - threatening and incurable disease   - Due to lower defenses the risk of postoperative infections;
• for any acute illness and exacerbation of chronic diseases (after recovery should be at least two weeks.

Aesthetic plastic ears

Aesthetic plastic ears - a correction of certain defects of the ear. Before the surgery, the patient with a plastic surgeon to decide whether he needs an operation and if needed, the model with the help of computer technology the desired shape of the ears. Thereafter, a preliminary examination of the patient and preparation for surgery, which includes procedures and revitalizing exception drugs capable of reducing blood coagulation (e.g., nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs - aspirin Aspirin - NSAIDs , Diclofenac Diclofenac - relieve inflammation and pain , Naiza) or cause a decrease in immunity Immunity - types and characteristics in children in adults   (e.g., hormones). It is also necessary to stop smoking (smoking is not allowed for two weeks prior to surgery and two weeks later), which reduces the healing of surgical wounds.

Ear surgery for adult patients is usually performed under local anesthesia, the children - under general. Skin incision is made on the back side of the ear, then the cartilage separated from the skin, it is given the desired shape, and then the wound is sutured using cosmetic seam. If the correction is subject to earlobe, from the back side of it was removed lumps of fat and excess skin is excised.

After surgery, bandage, which should fix the ear in the desired position. After seven days, the dressing is removed and sutures, and the patient's ear captures only at night using a special elastic bandage.

Swelling and bruising of tissue held about two weeks, any physical exertion contraindicated for at least three weeks. Complete healing of the ear takes only six months, after which the ears grow with the child.

Reconstructive plastic ears

Reconstructive (replacement) plastic ear - is a complex plastic surgery, during which you can restore the ear or some part of it. Most of these operations are carried out after injuries or burns. Perform reconstructive plastic ears simultaneously it is impossible, since the beginning created the foundation for the future of the cartilage of the ear. Cartilage typically taken from the patient's own body, usually from the edge. Once this step is ended, in the ear skin pocket is formed into which the cartilage matrix. Engraftment of this framework takes several months and only then held for the third phase of the operation - strengthening of the ear in the correct position and applying the final welds. There is a fourth stage - the formation of the appearance of the ear with its protuberances and depressions.

Ear surgery - it's always a difficult operation, even if you only need a correction.

Galina Romanenko

Breast Implants - a difficult choice

Perhaps it makes no sense to talk about how important the outer contours of the female breast in the overall picture of charm and glamor of each girl. The size and shape of female bust attach great importance to both men and women themselves. And it is women who are often too critical look at her breasts, finding flaws where even the most capricious lover of female beauty The mystery of female beauty - mystery and femininity   put a perfect score.

The result of this critical approach is sometimes the decision to resort to surgical correction of the external data this sensitive area of ​​the female body - the so-called mammoplasty. However, there are cases in which no such operations do is simply impossible. This happens when you need to restore the shape of the bust after the removal of malignant tumors in the breast, with significant asymmetry bust or loss of aesthetic appearance, in which the breast sags and looks very unattractive, causing women an inferiority complex The inferiority complex - do not revel worthlessness .

Types mammoplasty

What types of mammoplasty today are the most popular? As expected, the first place in this respect, confidently took the breast augmentation surgery. Many girls tend to make the symbol of their sexuality Nine ways to experience their sexuality   more attractive, why go to the handling of both breasts. Sometimes, for example when different sizes of the right and left breasts is necessary to increase only one breast. Also, to increase the bust resort when after the end of the lactation period Breast-feeding: feed - and no nails!   a sharp decrease of the mammary glands. In most cases these goals using special silicone implants that are placed within tissue and individually selected strictly. Quality implant must withstand the mechanical stresses, does not result in immunological rejection reactions, long-term to maintain a predetermined shape of the breast during surgery, and does not cause unpleasant sensations or foreign. Some centers offer modern cosmetic prostheses are implanted successfully on quite a long period, sometimes up to fifteen years. As a rule, the implants are not an obstacle to the chest X-ray examination or ultrasound. The operation to implant prostheses lasts about two hours under general anesthesia.

Many women are concerned about the possible complications after the installation of such prostheses. In particular, a very widespread rumor about the carcinogenic properties of the implant, that is, their ability to cause cancer. According to official data of the corresponding European organization, which controls the quality of medical devices, advanced silicone implants not only contribute to the emergence of cancer, but also do not lead to allergic or to any manifestations of intoxication. Furthermore, according to the same information, these implants do not affect the pregnancy, the normal function of the mammary gland during lactation and health of breastfed infants.

Often, patients performed the surgery and reduce the size of the mammary glands. At the same time such an operation is necessary not so much for reasons of aesthetics, how to prevent these serious complications like deformity of the spine pinching the nerve roots ectopic vertebral disc and, as a consequence, severe pain in the cervical and thoracic spine and pathology of the chest . During the operation of the breast removed excess adipose tissue, and a nipple and the surrounding area of ​​skin pigment moves to a new location.

Another common type of mammoplasty is a breast lift. In this case, it does not change the size of the bust, only transformed the shape and height of the chest. In most cases, such an operation does not require the use of implants. It often accompanies surgery to reduce bust, because too large breasts under its own weight is often omitted.

Also in the list of plastic surgery on the chest consists of changing size and shape of the nipple and areola (the pigmented parts of the skin around the nipple).

Despite the seeming simplicity of operation, after mammoplasty require periodic medical examinations to prevent the processes of inflammation and scarring. Moreover, some drugs the first time may only be used with the permission of a physician.

Even more thorough examination of the patient is subject to the operation, as some mental and somatic diseases (diabetes, severe heart disease, tuberculosis) can serve as a contraindication for mammoplasty.

  Zhiguli Andrew