Endoscopy intestine

The ability to thoroughly examine the intestinal wall can be crucial to establish the correct diagnosis. A feature of the intestine is the frequent progression therein tumors, including malignant. Endoscopy allows the intestine to identify such tumors at early stages.

Endoscopy intestine - types of research

Endoscopy of the intestine - is examination of the intestinal wall inside using special equipment. In most cases, endoscopy of the large intestine and rectum using a colonoscope - a colonoscopy and sigmoidoscopy. These studies have now become standard, they are held in many hospitals and can detect diseases of the colon and rectum.

Malignant tumors of the colon previously detected mainly in the final stages. The widespread introduction of colonoscopy studies significantly reduce mortality from these diseases.

With endoscopy of the small intestine, the situation is much more complicated, as the see the whole small intestine using a conventional endoscope difficult. In addition, such research often leads to injury of the intestinal walls. Therefore, most research is conducted initial and final intestine. In initial departments often detected disorders associated with various congenital fermentopathy, such as celiac disease Celiac disease - not quite intestinal pathology   - Lack the enzyme to digest vegetable protein gluten. Such malabsorption of food leads to certain changes in the walls of the duodenum and jejunum entry, which are clearly identified in the process of intestinal endoscopy.

However, inspect the entire small intestine using conventional endoscopy is problematic. But today there are so-called capsule endoscopy of the intestine, which allows you to view the entire intestine, including how thin and colon. If capsule endoscopy patient simply swallows a capsule that captures all as their promotion through the intestines. After studies takes its interpretation, and the capsule is removed in a natural way during defecation.

Diagnostic and therapeutic colonoscopy

A study of the large intestine is called a diagnostic colonoscopy. Colonoscopy is performed in the presence of abdominal pain, constipation, anemia (to eliminate hidden internal bleeding), the allocation of blood from the colon. After 45 years, colonoscopy is recommended about every five years.

During this study can detect various changes in the intestinal wall - plots eating disorders (dystrophy), erosion, ulcer, inflammation, polyps, benign and malignant tumors.

A study of the rectum is called sigmoidoscopy - the study of the lower 30 cm of the large intestine, it is held at a hemorrhoids Hemorrhoids - a shameful disease   and in suspected tumors of the rectum.

In some cases, treatment and Policy Pay using a colonoscope is called therapeutic endoscopy. By means of the colonoscope to the intestinal wall can be modified to deliver drugs which remove inflammation, improve blood circulation in the area.

Therapeutic colonoscopy - this surgery, such as removal of colon polyps, which are considered precancerous diseases.

How is colonoscopy

For a colonoscopy is performed on the eve of purgation with the help of laxatives and enemas. Today, there are drugs that allow you to completely clean the intestines, even without the use of enemas, eg Fortrans. Fortrans does not cause any discomfort. It is used while receiving large amounts of water that contributes to a strong loosening of stool and removal from the body.

To cleanse the bowel Colon Cleansing - How to put an enema?   prior to colonoscopy Preparing and conducting a colonoscopy: the risks and alternatives   adult to take 3-4 Fortrans bags (one bag of 25 kg century man), each of which must be dissolved in a liter of water. Drink necessary for three hours, every quarter of an hour glass. The release of the intestine will begin an hour later, the total duration of the discharge of stool - about six hours. Prior to taking the day before colonoscopy Fortrans from 16 to 19 hours.

Colonoscopy procedure itself is quite simple and almost painless, but sometimes there are minor aches and bloating of the stomach. The colonoscope is inserted through the anus, followed by a phased inspection of the entire intestinal mucosa. If it finds any suspicious areas of the mucosa, some of them taken tissue for histological examination.

Capsule endoscopy

Diseases and tumors of the small intestine is a serious problem today, as still not fully resolved the issue of carrying out endoscopic research in this area of ​​the gastrointestinal tract. But hope is still there - a capsule endoscopy, which allows you to explore the entire intestine.

What is capsule endoscopy

Capsule endoscopy involves the study of the intestine (thin and thick) using a special endoscopic capsule developed by Israeli scientists Gabriel Iddanom. The capsule is a device the size of 1, 1 × 2, 6 cm (a tablet) with built-in cameras that allow you to accurately diagnose almost any bowel disease. In addition to the camera, "tablet" contains a wireless RF transmitter module backlight and battery. Such a device requires much less power than a conventional endoscope, so it can work at very low light, and the battery charge is enough for a few hours.

After the examination is over and the capsule leaves the intestines naturally, the data collected on the recording device, are processed by a computer program and can be seen on the screen, where it looks at and analyzes the endoscopist. This record, if necessary, can be viewed several times and compared to subsequent studies.

Advantages and disadvantages of capsule endoscopy

Advantages of the capsule endoscopy are that it is not necessary to introduce an endoscope (which may be quite unpleasant and even painful), does not require anesthesia to which some patients have allergy.

But the most important advantage of capsule endoscopy is that with just one small capsule can explore the entire gastrointestinal tract - esophagus, stomach, small and large intestines, rectum. Especially important is the study to identify various diseases of the small intestine, which can not be investigated using conventional endoscopic techniques. At the same time research colon better still be performed using conventional colonoscopy Preparing and conducting a colonoscopy: the risks and alternatives   - It is more informative.

The disadvantage of capsule endoscopy is that during the diagnostic evaluation is not possible to go to medical manipulations (for example, it is impossible to stop the bleeding or to remove detected polyps). In addition, research is very expensive and not available to all patients.

How effective capsule endoscopy

A few years ago we conducted the following laboratory tests of a new technique. In the small intestine several dogs implanted a different number of colored beads and performed traditional and capsule endoscopy. During the capsule endoscopy was found significantly more implanted beads than in conventional.

In particular, during capsule endoscopy clearly establishes the source of bleeding in the small intestine in the majority of the examined patients, whereas traditional methods have not been able to find them, because the endoscope is not always able to penetrate into remote areas of the small intestine.

How is the procedure capsule endoscopy

Capsule endoscopy, as well as traditional, requires preparation: in front of her holding within 12 hours can not eat anything. Before the procedure, the patient in the waist region attached special sensors, and then he swallows the capsule and can go about their normal activities. Four hours after administration of the capsule to eat but the food should be easy.

In total the passage capsules gastrointestinal tract requires eight hours. As long as the capsule is in the patient's body, it can not be held MRIs. Thereafter, the patient returns to issue him sensors and recorder. The resulting information is processed using special software, the physician analyzes the record and concludes.

Complications after capsule endoscopy is not seen, however, the theory may be a delay in the body of the capsule. Therefore, if after capsule endoscopy had a feeling of discomfort and pain, you need to inform your doctor.