Abscess - a purulent inflammation of tissue in the rectal area. The most common cause of this disease is the penetration of bacteria from the rectum to the adjacent tissue, for example, by the formation of anal fissure Anal fissure - how to cope with a painful chair? . Sometimes the inflammation limited abscess formation, and in some cases, and may extend beyond end sepsis.

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The most common pathogens are paraproctitis staphylococci and streptococci, sometimes together with E. coli. The disease begins with acute form. After a short prodromal period, which is characterized by lethargy, weakness and headaches, there is a growing pain in the rectum, perineum and pelvis, accompanied by high fever, chills and fever. The intensity of the symptoms appearing in acute paraproctitis depends on the localization of the inflammatory process, its prevalence, as well as pathogens and characteristics of reactions. Shortly after the onset of symptoms may occur abscess - sometimes it appears under the skin of the anus and the patient can detect the touch. If any symptoms abscess should immediately seek medical care.

Transaction

The main task for the diagnosis of acute abscess is the discovery of an abscess in the tissues surrounding the rectum. Usually, immediately after diagnosis abscess removed surgically. In most cases, surgery is performed under general anesthesia. Application of local anesthetic is rarely practiced because of the risk to carry infection during injection of anesthetic, and because of insufficient analgesia.

If the operation is successful enough, it can develop a chronic abscess. The majority of patients with chronic paraproctitis a history of acute abscess. In some cases, however, the chronic abscess is caused by injury or various operations on the rectum. Approximately one third of patients with acute paraproctitis go to the doctor only when they have spontaneously opened abscess Abscess - why it is so dangerous ulcers?   whereby in most cases formed fistulas. Another third of patients with acute paraproctitis seek medical help only when they have already formed fistula - that is paraproctitis already moved into a chronic form. And only a third of patients with acute paraproctitis go to the doctor on time, however, and after the operation, many of them for various reasons, develop a chronic abscess.

Symptoms of chronic abscess are usually burning and itching in the anal area, as well as purulent discharge Discharges in women when there is cause for concern   from the anus.

As in the case of acute paraproctitis for treating chronic abscess assigned surgery.

Hemorrhoids (from the Greek. Haima - «blood», roe - «for») - a disease characterized by stagnation of blood in the rectum and bleeding accompanied by the formation of knots and lumps. In other words, hemorrhoids - an inflammation of the blood vessels in the anal canal. It's pretty painful disease poses no threat to human health or life.

Today, the hemorrhoid is one of the most common disease in the world, is equally common in both men and women. It is diagnosed in about 30% of the world's population and almost 50% of the population over the age of 50 years. In particular, the risk of developing hemorrhoids are particularly susceptible pregnant women: under the pressure of the fetus and the influence of hormonal changes in the pelvic blood vessels dilate and become inflamed. Fortunately, hemorrhoids resulting from pregnancy, is temporary and usually recovers quickly.

Causes of Hemorrhoids

The emergence and development of hemorrhoids contributes to a number of factors, among which the following should be noted:

• sedentary lifestyle, including a sedentary job
• chronic constipation or diarrhea
• anal sex
• pregnancy, childbirth, oral contraceptives and menstruation in women
• weight lifting and some features of a sports or professional activities (riding a bike, cycling, horseback riding, etc.)
• inflammatory and malignant tumors of the pelvic organs
• abuse of local treatment (enemas, laxatives) or intensive hygiene anus
• poor nutrition (lack of dietary fiber-rich foods, eating spicy food or stimulating drinks - alcohol, tea, coffee, etc.).
• obesity
• smoking
• chronic cough
• aging

Similar reasons caused by stagnation of blood in the veins of the pelvic organs, moreover, an important role in the development of this pathology plays a genetic predisposition to the disease.

Types of hemorrhoids

• Internal hemorrhoids: inflammation of the veins in the anal canal. Internal hemorrhoids are not very painful occurs, as in the anal canal are no pain receptors. Most people suffering from internal hemorrhoids do not even know about the disease. In severe cases, internal hemorrhoids may bleed.
• External hemorrhoids: inflammation of the veins in the anal area. As a rule, this type of hemorrhoids runs painful and accompanied by itching and discomfort.
• Hemorrhoids with anal fissures Anal fissure - how to cope with a painful chair? : Anal fissure - a thin superficial anal fissure. In this case, there is itching, pain and bleeding during a bowel movement.
• Hemorrhoids with prolapse: a kind of internal hemorrhoids, which is accompanied by a prolapsed hemorrhoid outside. This type of hemorrhoids runs very painful.
• Hemorrhoids thrombosis Thrombosis - the cause of heart attack and stroke   nodes: in this case there is thrombosis of hemorrhoids, accompanied by profuse bleeding. Hemorrhoids There is a risk of serious complications of the disease. The lack of therapeutic effects on bleeding thrombosed hemorrhoids can lead to such consequences as: purulent abscess Paraproctitis - make sure that there were no locks , Swelling of the anus, massive hemorrhage, necrosis of hemorrhoids.

Symptoms of hemorrhoids

The main symptoms of hemorrhoids are manifestations such as pain, itching and burning in the anal area. Often, patients feel the severity and the presence of a foreign body in the anus. In some cases, they can form painful bleeding cracks or knots, which can then fall, thrombosed and inflamed. In 10% of patients have anal bleeding, which manifests itself in the form of the presence of blood in the stool, and a trickle of blood mixed with mucus after defecation or physical overexertion.

Pain is one of the most common and severe symptoms of hemorrhoids. Its appearance is due to a large number of nerve endings in the anal area that are exposed at the injury of the skin and mucous membranes. Features of pain is directly dependent on the form and stage of disease: they can take the character of burning and stinging that can persist for several hours.

Diagnosing hemorrhoids

Hemorrhoid treatment is preceded by a number of diagnostic measures, aimed at clarifying the factors in the emergence and development of disease. Among the most common and used to date should be noted:

• digital examination of the anus and rectum
• irrigoscopy
• sigmoidoscopy
• anoscopy
• Colonoscopy
• laboratory tests of blood and stool

The use of these techniques allows doctors to detect the disease at an early stage, as well as to differentiate it from diseases such as melanoma and cancers of the anus, anal polyps, fibroids, secondary syphilis Syphilis - punishment of Venus .

The treatment of hemorrhoids

Hemorrhoid treatment should be carried out in a medical facility under the supervision of highly qualified professionals. Samovrachevanie in this situation is unacceptable, because it can lead to serious complications of the disease. Initially applied conservative methods, which are based on local and general treatment. Local treatment is aimed at eliminating the symptoms via suppositories, ointments, enemas and sitz baths. The aim of treatment is to eliminate the common symptoms of pain, bleeding and inflammation, normalization of blood flow and improving venous tone by receiving combination drugs that combine pain relievers, thrombolytic and anti-inflammatory properties.

Hemorrhoid treatment you can do at any stage of the disease, but early recourse to the doctor guarantee a favorable outcome of the disease in medical therapy. In the absence of a positive effect of drugs or the occurrence of exacerbations of the patient is shown minimally invasive (non-surgical) or surgical treatment, the main methods are:

• Infrared photocoagulation - the impact of high temperature on the hemorrhoid
• Laser coagulation - cutting off the haemorrhoid using medical lasers
• sclerotherapy - removal of the haemorrhoid by introducing a special sclerosing agent
• hemorrhoid ligation latex rings, calling it self-exclusion due to lack of blood circulation
• hemorrhoidectomy - the surgical removal of cavernous tissue, followed by vascular ligation legs hemorrhoid
• Method Longo - mucosal resection portion situated above the hemorrhoidal node, which leads to a cessation of its blood supply, and a gradual death of connective tissue overgrowing

Home remedies for the treatment and prevention of hemorrhoids

• Consumption of large amounts of fluids to prevent constipation
• Enrichment of the diet foods rich in fiber
• Consumption of large amounts of fresh fruits and vegetables
• Maintaining an active lifestyle
• Wearing loose clothing and underwear