Infiltrative pulmonary tuberculosis can develop as a result of activation of the old primary foci of tubercular infection. Less often it is the result of re-entry into the body of infection (superinfection). In any case, if this form of TB is not detected and treated in time, it may be complicated by massive necrosis (tissue necrosis) light to form therein cavities (cavities).

The pathogenesis of infiltrative tuberculosis

Infiltrative tuberculosis - a clinical form of tuberculosis, characterized by the presence of tuberculous infiltration (bronchopulmonary inflammatory focus in the lung) with caseous necrosis (caseous disintegration of tissue) in the center. This form of tuberculosis can arise as with repeated ingestion of large quantities of infectious agents (superinfection) and at activation of the body's existing infection.

The pathogenesis and mechanism of the disease infiltrative pulmonary tuberculosis has its own idiosyncrasies. The disease is characterized mainly exudative (with the presence of inflammatory fluid in the hearth) type of inflammation with a tendency to giperergii (pronounced allergy against the infectious agent, which basically determines the severity of the disease) and rapid progression. The resulting infiltration may have dimensions of a few centimeters in diameter to a fraction of an entire lesion.

The affected areas appear inflammatory lung fluid (exudates), filling the lumen of the alveoli (sacs at the ends of the smallest bronchi, which are the property of lung tissue). The composition of exudate includes cellular elements (eg, white blood cells White blood cells as the basis of immunity   and macrophages, the main task - to destroy pathogens), protein fibrin (from it eventually formed the connective tissue) and desquamated alveolar epithelium. Often fluttering lobar pneumonia, which resulted in the formation of lung cavity - the cavity.

Infiltrative pulmonary tuberculosis - symptoms

The disease begins with a rise in temperature to 38˚S or higher, chills, sweating, headache Headache: Causes and Complications , Pain in muscles and joints, lethargy weakness - all of these symptoms are signs of intoxication. Cough may be insignificant, but it is almost always accompanied by sputum, including mixed with blood. Sometimes infiltrative pulmonary tuberculosis are asymptomatic or with minimal symptoms of mild fever, weakness and malaise.

Adrift distinguish progressive involution and infiltrative tuberculosis Tuberculosis - a full recovery is not guaranteed . The progressive course develops in the absence of treatment, immunodeficiency, or there are serious comorbidities. Here comes the so-called imaginary recovery when all the symptoms gradually disappear and the patient feels well. But at the same time in the lungs is an active tissue decomposition to form voids. The course of this process becomes wavy: the patient's condition is improving, it is getting worse. Often in such cases, developing drain caseous pneumonia with the collapse of large parts of the lung.

Involutive for developing against the background of adequate treatment. Thus slowly disappear and manifestations of the disease, and changes in the lungs, but the latter still disappear slowly. During the first three months of treatment, disappear from the sputum Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The outcome of infiltrative pulmonary tuberculosis can be complete resorption of infiltration, but it is not always. Most on-site infiltration is or center (focal tuberculosis), or a portion sclerosis (scar that occurs at the site of the cavity).

Sometimes there is a seal of infiltration due to the formation of fibrous tissue containing the cell debris formed as a result of the inflammatory process. These pockets are usually capable of reactivation of tuberculosis.

Infiltrative form of tuberculosis may be the outcome of a tuberculoma formation (formation around the capsule infiltration) or cirrhosis share (segment) of the lung (proliferation of connective tissue in the vast area of ​​the lung).

Diagnosis and treatment of infiltrative pulmonary tuberculosis

A very important time to identify and begin to treat infiltrative pulmonary tuberculosis. Diagnosis is based on medical examination, X-ray data and laboratory studies. In the sputum of patients can often detect Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which speaks about the open form of the disease.

Treatment of infiltrative pulmonary tuberculosis is carried out only in specialized hospitals. Assign complex treatment, which includes antibiotic therapy, desensitization (allergy) preparations, anti-inflammatory drugs, symptomatic therapy (assigned different medications, depending on what the symptoms are detected in the patient), vitamin-mineral complexes, means to strengthen the immune system Strengthening the immune system - help the immune system . With the ineffectiveness of this treatment is appointed collapse therapy (the imposition of artificial pneumothorax) or surgical treatment.

The treatment lasts several months (sometimes years) to complete resorption infiltrative changes. After recovery occurs, the patient should be registered at the phthisiatrician and receive anti-treatment on an outpatient basis.

Galina Romanenko

Mucosolvan tablets - a great tool for getting rid of cough in adults. Tablets are most convenient for use, and the effectiveness Mucosolvan not depend on its formulation. Mucosolvan translates dry cough Dry cough - whether to worry about it?   in the wet and actively promotes healing.

How does Mucosolvan tablets

Mucosolvan tablets produces pharmaceutical company Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH (Germany). Each tablet contains 30 mg of active principle (ambroxol). Excipients include lactose, dried corn starch, colloidal silica, magnesium stearate.

Tablets Mucosolvan rapidly absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract and enter the bloodstream and in tissues (mainly in the bronchial mucosa), and then decomposed into metabolites in liver and excreted through the kidneys.

Enrolling in the lining of the respiratory tract, stimulates the release of additional Mucosolvan bronchial secretions from the bronchial tubes simultaneous activation of enzymes that contribute to liquefaction of sputum. A large number of liquid mucus stimulates locomotor activity of cilia of the bronchi, which direct translational movement of mucus toward the exit of the bronchial tree.

The alveoli (small sacs on the ends of the bronchi, which represent the lung tissue) Mucosolvan stimulates the formation of surfactant of surfactant warning spadenie alveolar walls, and hence a reduction in tidal volume of the lungs.

Thus tablets Lazolvanom have mucolytic (phlegm) and expectorant action, prevents a decrease in tidal volume light. All these properties make it possible to appoint tablets Mucosolvan them with a variety of diseases of the lower and middle respiratory tract.

When appointed tablets

Mucosolvan tablets prescribed for acute and chronic inflammatory diseases of the trachea, bronchi and lungs. Very often Mucosolvan pills prescribed for bacterial complications of acute respiratory viral infections (ARI). If SARS is not treated and continue to go to work (and so do many adults), by viral infection and will join a bacterial complication. Mucosolvan help cure this complication.

In chronic inflammatory diseases of the bronchi and lungs Mucosolvan tablets often combined with inhaled Mucosolvan - it is convenient and efficient. Mucosolvan tablets are used for chronic bronchitis, chronic obstructive pulmonary (with impaired patency of the bronchi) pulmonary disease, chronic pneumonia, and so on.

How to take

Mucosolvan tablets should be taken by a physician. This should be done not because it can give some serious side effects, on the contrary, this drug is very well tolerated and has virtually no side effects. But if you apply Mucosolvan yourself, you can skip a severe complication, which requires in addition Mucosolvan destination and other drugs, such as antibacterial agents. In any case, if the intake of Mucosolvan for four to five days, the patient's condition does not improve, you should contact your doctor.

Tablets Mucosolvan taken after meals, not chewing and drinking any liquid - juice, tea, water, milk. Adults and children after 12 years: a tablet (30 mg) three times a day. Duration of treatment is determined by a physician and depends on the patient's condition. If needed more mucolytic and expectorant effect, then administered two tablets (60 mg) twice a day.

Contraindications for use

Tablets Mucosolvan assigned only to adults and children after 12 years. You can not take them in the first trimester of pregnancy and hypersensitivity to the drug.

With care prescribe pills Mucosolvan at any stage of pregnancy (the safety of this drug for a pregnant woman and the fetus has not been confirmed in clinical trials), feeding baby Breastfeeding - a personal choice   feeding (Mucosolvan excreted in human milk), with severe liver and kidney diseases in violation of their functions (Mucosolvan decomposed in the liver and is excreted through the kidneys and in violation of the functions of these bodies will accumulate in the body).

Side effect

Side effect pills Mucosolvan rarely seen: the drug is well tolerated. But sometimes there are signs of irritation of the gastrointestinal tract in the form of heartburn, nausea and abdominal pains.

There may be allergic reactions Allergic reactions: how to understand why you tickle in the throat , They often appear in the form of edema and urticaria Prevention and treatment of edema - it is important to understand the root cause   Angioedema, but sometimes (rarely) occur and severe anaphylactic reactions.

Galina Romanenko