Ketorol - a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), which is mainly used to relieve various types and location of pain. Long these drugs are not accepted - only short courses or one - twice.

Application ketorol chronic diseases

Many chronic diseases that are accompanied by pain, is prolonged, ketorol if they are not appointed as the long-term use, he gives a lot of side effects. However, sometimes the pain becomes too intense and can be used while ketorol disposable, several times or rates are not more than a week.

For chronic diseases with pain syndrome, first of all, include inflammation of the joints and spine, including infectious-allergic, such as ankylosing spondylitis Ankylosing spondylitis - a lot of patience is required   and rheumatoid arthritis Arthritis - a variety of forms and complications . Ketorol in this case will reduce not only the pain but also the inflammatory process, as it has significant anti-inflammatory effect.

Of course, to appoint such patients ketorol, which has the strongest analgesic effect among all the drugs in this group, only a doctor can. In the appointment must take into account the intensity of the pain and frequency of comorbidities purpose other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.

The same approach to the appointment ketorol for pain in cancer patients.

Application ketorol after surgery, childbirth and trauma

Before and during the operation ketorol can not be used because it reduces the ability of the blood coagulation, which may lead to bleeding during surgery. And after the surgery if there is no threat of bleeding, ketorol prescribed - often the appointment of the drug avoids the use of narcotic analgesics - opioids. In some cases ketorol administered simultaneously with opioids - it allows to reduce the dosage both ketorol and opiates.

Ketorol appointed after general surgery, trauma, urological, gynecological and other types of transactions.

Ketorol applied and after childbirth, if there is no threat of bleeding. Before birth and during childbirth it is not used, since in addition to the threat of bleeding ketorol inhibits the synthesis of prostaglandins - substances that increase the contractility of the muscles of the uterus and provide for the proper delivery of the first period - the period of the fights. For the duration ketorol child is not applied to the chest.

Apply ketorol and various injuries - fractures, dislocations Dislocation - Prevention and Treatment , Sprains, severe bruises, traumatic brain injuries.

Application ketorol in dentistry

Toothache can be very strong, so ketorol found use in dentistry during dental procedures such as tooth extraction, removal of various structures in the area of ​​the tooth and periodontal tissue, dental treatment. In all these cases, of course, carried out local anesthesia, but sometimes it is not enough. Furthermore, after stomatological operations or manipulations, when the action of the local anesthetic passes may return severe pain. Ketorol not give too much pain to develop.

Ketorol Application for relief of pain associated with renal and hepatic colic

Renal and hepatic colic associated with the passage of urinary stones and biliary ways. In this case, the passage of stone causes a sharp spasm of small blood vessels, causing a strong pain occurs in tissue deprived of nutrients and oxygen.

Renal and hepatic colic should be immediately removed. Usually in this case, is assigned a combination of drugs, relieves spasms of the muscles of the urinary and biliary tract (antispasmodics, such as shpy) and analgesics, including ketorol Ketorol: against pain .

How to apply ketorol

Ketorol available in tablets and capsules. When the pain of moderate intensity appointed ketorol pill, the pill if the pain is not removed, then switch to intramuscular or intravenous ketorol. After a very strong pain will pass, you can go back on the pill.

Dose ketorol podbiraetka doctor for each patient individually. This takes into account all the peculiarities of the main and concomitant diseases, the intensity of pain and the patient's age. Patients over 65 years is recommended to reduce the number of doses ketorol. Reducing the dosage is also required if the patient has a slight decrease in renal and hepatic function. With a significant decrease in the function of these organs ketorol contraindicated. The duration of treatment ketorol can not exceed seven days.

Ketorol - a drug with marked analgesic effect, it may appoint a doctor.

Galina Romanenko

Nimesil refers to a group of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), the new generation, which have an intense analgesic and anti-inflammatory effect and almost no side effects from the digestive organs.

Operating principle

Nimesil (active ingredient - nimesulide) is produced by the pharmaceutical company Berlin-Chemie (Germany) in granules for suspension for oral administration. As with all NSAIDs, the drug acts as an analgesic, anti-inflammatory and antipyretic. This nimesil belongs to a new generation of NSAIDs that unlike previous drugs in this group (aspirin, butadtona, indomethacin) do not have significant side effects naorgany digestion, which means it can be used long enough patients suffering from chronic pain.

Nimesil mechanism of action is based on its inhibiting action of one of the types of the enzyme cyclooxygenase (COX) .  COX in the body is of two kinds of COX-I (it protects the gastric mucosa) and COX-II (inflammation of the support) .  NSAIDs inhibit the action of the first generation of both types of COX, causing significant side effects from the gastrointestinal tract .  Nimesil suppresses activity basically only COX-II .  Of course, affects only one branch COX completely eliminating adverse effects on the gastric mucosa, not possible and some side effects still remained, however, they are considerably decreased .  In addition, the drug has a negative effect on the liver, so it is not recommended to combine with taking other drugs that have toxic effects on the liver and with alcohol, that have a direct toxic effect on the liver cells .

Who should appoint nimesil

Nimesil used for pain and inflammation of various origins:

• pain in the joints and spine;
• toothache;
• with pains that occur during menstruation (algodismenoree);
• any other pain, including neuritis (inflammation of nerves) and neuralgia (inflammation of the nerve sheath).

Nimesil has many contraindications, so use only on prescription. It is contraindicated in:

• allergies to any other NSAIDs;
• when a toxic effect on the liver of the patient in the past;
• while taking other medications or foods (eg, alcohol), have toxic effects on the liver;
• inflammatory diseases of the gastrointestinal tract in the acute phase;
• during the postoperative period after coronary artery bypass surgery;
• It does not apply as an antipyretic in infectious and inflammatory diseases;
• increased bleeding during and after hemorrhagic (accompanied by rupture of a blood vessel), stroke;
• with severe diseases of the cardiovascular system, liver and kidneys with severe disorders of their functions;
• under the age of 12 years;
• Pregnancy and breast- Breastfeeding - a personal choice   breast;
• the abuse of alcohol and other toxic substances have a toxic effect on the liver;
• if you are hypersensitive to the components of the drug.

Care should be taken when appointing nimesil patients with high blood pressure, type 2 diabetes, coronary heart disease, stroke, severe manifestations of atherosclerosis, smoking, all diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, including in the past, in old age and when any serious diseases of internal organs.

Nimesil requires special dosing in combination with anticoagulants (which lower blood coagulation), corticosteroids and some other medicaments.

Side effect

Nimesil may cause the following side effects:

• Hematopoietic system - reduction in the number of red blood cells (anemia), platelets (bleeding), the increase in the number of eosinophils (allergic disposition);
• Allergic reactions of immediate and delayed type;
• the central nervous system - dizziness, headache, drowsiness, neurotic condition;
• by the organs of vision - blurred vision;
• the part of the circulatory system - increasing instability or blood pressure, tachycardia Tachycardia - the body to the limit? , Flushing;
• by the bronchopulmonary system - dyspnea, bronchospasm.
• the part of the digestive system - nausea, vomiting, diarrhea or constipation, bloating, irritation of the gastric mucosa (sometimes with ulceration), abdominal pain Abdominal pain: Types and Symptoms Stomatitis, gastrointestinal bleeding, hepatitis Hepatitis - the scourge of our time , Fulminant hepatitis, bile stasis, abnormal liver function;
• by the kidneys and urinary tract infections - painful urination, their delay, blood in the urine, renal failure, interstitial nephritis.
• Other violations - malaise, weakness, decreased temperature, increase of potassium in the blood.

Most of these side effects are rare, however, the appointment nemisila them must be considered.