What is periodontal

Let us see what is periodontitis. Parodont - a complex of interconnected tissue that surrounds the tooth and keep it in a cell. It gums, periosteum, bone and periodontal (ligament that holds the tooth root in the cell).

What are periodontal disease

Periodontal disease may be of inflammatory character, capturing part of his clothes (such as gingivitis) or the entire complex periodontal (periodontitis). Sometimes the disturbed nutrition of periodontal tissues and such process is called periodontitis Periodontal disease: deep problem .

In the presence of a person in common severe disease may have idiopathic disease with rapid melting of periodontal tissues. There are also Parodontomy - benign tumor and tumor-like processes of periodontal (naddesennik, gingival fibromatosis, etc..). Causes of periodontal unknown.

Why am I having periodontal disease

Inflammatory periodontal disease does not occur on time the treated caries by mechanical or chemical irritation of the gums dental plaque (poor hygiene), the edge of the cavity, a hanging seal, orthodontic appliances, medicines, with malocclusion Malocclusion: fix is ​​never too late   or the position of the teeth. Inflamed gums first, and then the process extends to the periosteum and bone. The speed of propagation of inflammation of periodontal tissues depends on the ability of the body to resist external influences (immunity). Degenerative periodontal disease occur in violation of metabolic processes, which are often the cause is unknown.

Inflammation of the gums (gingivitis)

Inflammation of the gums (gingivitis) - is the most common form of periodontal lesions. Gingivitis come in different shapes: catarrhal (inflammation without suppuration), hypertrophic (growth of gum tissue on a background of inflammation), atrophy (shrinking of gum tissue on a background of chronic inflammation), ulcers. The course of gingivitis may be acute or chronic, mild, moderate and severe, limited and common.

Symptoms of gingivitis:

• bleeding gums and changing contours;
• lack of common disorders such as fever, chills, and so on (with the exception of acute gingivitis);
• absence of X-ray signs of bone destruction;
• occurrence due to lower immunity;
• presence in the mouth of the patient's plaque and tartar Plaque - why it should be removed? ;
• no gum pockets (the space between the tooth and gum).

Periodontitis

When inflammation of the entire periodontal (periodontitis) are destroyed not only the soft tissue (gums), and alveolar bone (mandible process, which grow teeth). Periodontitis occurs as a consequence of not just the treated gingivitis.

Symptoms of periodontal disease:

• inflamed gums;
• the presence of gum (periodontal) pockets;
• destruction of bone of the interdental partitions (seen on x-ray);
• mobility or loss of one or more teeth in the advanced stages of the disease;
• changes in the general condition of the body: fever, malaise, and so on.

Periodontal disease

Periodontal disease - a dystrophic (dystrophy - malnutrition tissue) periodontal disease, which is characterized by denudation neck of the tooth (the place of transition in the crown of the tooth root), sensitive teeth Tooth Sensitivity - sudden pain   the cold and hot food. The exact cause of the disease is currently unknown. Periodontal disease can occur with endocrine disorders or in various diseases of internal organs, resulting in insufficient load on the teeth and gums, with a lack of trace elements and vitamins, with insufficient blood supply to the gum tissue. Periodontal disease may contribute to the emergence of a shallow vestibule of the oral cavity (the space between the teeth and the lips, cheeks), short frenulum of the tongue and lips.

Current chronic periodontal disease, the process captures all the teeth.

Symptoms of periodontal disease:

• the absence of inflammation in periodontal tissues and drift;
• reduction of the gums, exposure of the necks of the teeth and root;
• no gingival pockets;
• a small amount of dental plaque;
• frequent combination with non-carious lesions of dental hard tissues (wedge-shaped defects, and others.);
• absence of X-ray signs of inflammatory bone destruction;
• the symmetry of the bone lesions.

Periodontal disease - a long flowing disease, which left untreated can lead to complete tooth loss.

Periodontal disease is a source of infection in the body, and therefore reflected not only in the state of dental system, but also on the state of the organism as a whole. Therefore, it is important to timely treatment, and even better - the prevention of these diseases.

Why becomes inflamed gums

Inflammation of the gums (gingivitis) can occur acutely and chronically. The cause of the acute inflammation in the gingival area most often injury caused, for example, in the treatment or dental fillings. After destroying the integrity of gingival mucous membrane in the wound fall infectious agents (oral them always enough) and starts the inflammatory process.

Acute inflammation, if left untreated, can turn into a chronic but often chronic gingivitis occur in the presence of mouth some constant stimuli, such as prostheses, incorrectly installed seals, damaged teeth, malocclusion Malocclusion: fix is ​​never too late   and so on. Another common cause of inflammation in the gums are chronic digestive diseases - chronic gastritis, colitis, peptic ulcer and duodenal ulcer, cholecystitis. Chronic gingivitis often develop when hypovitaminosis, diabetes Diabetes - threatening and incurable disease   and hormonal changes (adolescence, during pregnancy and so dadee), long flowing allergic process, often uncontrolled use of antibiotics and other drugs, and so on.

Finally, there are professional gingivitis, they develop in those who constantly has to deal with the harmful substances such as lead or aluminum dust, gasoline, bismuth, mercury, and so on.

Acute inflammation of the gums

Acute inflammation in the gums may be catarrhal or necrotizing. Catarrhal inflammation can occur unnoticed, appearing only a small bleeding and halitosis.

Acute necrotizing inflammatory process usually begins with reduced immunity. This state is typical for hypovitaminosis, chronic disease with frequent exacerbations, the recovery period after severe acute infections, and so on.

Starts acute necrotizing process with redness and swelling of the gum tissue, that is, as catarrhal gingivitis. But catarrhal stage of the process does not stop on the gums and in the region of their edges appear ulceration, with the edge of the gum loses its relief - interdental papillae smoothed. Enhanced bleeding gums How to prevent bleeding gums: important rules , Breath, in some cases, increased body temperature, showing signs of intoxication. Inflammation in the gums may be complicated stomatitis.

Chronic inflammation of the gums

Chronic inflammation may also proceed differently. Chronic gingivitis is divided into catarrhal, hypertrophic and atrophic. In chronic catarrh may experience intermittent exacerbation of the process - the gums are swollen (especially evident in the area of ​​the interdental papillae) there is pain when chewing, especially solid food.

For chronic hypertrophic inflammation characterized by an increase in the amount of gum tissue, especially increased interdental papillae. Gums can swell so that it is completely closed at the crown of the tooth. It causes pain and discomfort when chewing and creates a significant cosmetic defect.

Chronic atrophic gingivitis is usually the outcome of any long-term inflammation, including hypertrophic. Gums with the decrease in volume, become thin and fragile. Atrophic process can affect any part of the gums, for example, if it is constantly injured denture. But perhaps atrophy and all gums, while their edges are smoothed out and become smooth, without the characteristic interdental papillae.

Chronic gingivitis should always be treated, otherwise they will become hotbeds of infection in the body and cause an exacerbation of chronic processes in the internal organs.

How to treat inflammation of the gums

The main thing in the treatment of inflammation of the gums - is to identify and eliminate the cause of the disease. If this is some kind of disease of teeth, overbite or incorrectly installed the prosthesis, the dentists themselves cope with gingivitis. If there is a suspicion of a disease of the digestive system, or endocrine disease, then sent for treatment to other specialists.

Often the cause of gingivitis is plaque - solid dental plaque between the tooth and gum, and if not removed, gingivitis progresses. Therefore, tartar is removed first. Held as inspection, treatment and, if necessary prosthetics or correction of bite Malocclusion: beauty for all ages   teeth.

For topical treatment of gum appointed antibacterial, anti-inflammatory drugs and drugs that promote tissue repair gums in the form of gels, solutions for topical administration and so on. Appointed as physiotherapy. If chronic hypertrophic gingivitis is not amenable to conservative treatment, then held his surgery.

Gum disease is often a signal the body that it has any violations.

Galina Romanenko