Providing first aid for fractures, it is important not to harm humans. Therefore, if you are not confident that you can help, just call an ambulance and Stay with the victim until medical help arrives. Call an ambulance for the victim - it is the duty of every person; the rejection of its implementation in many countries is a punishable offense.
If the broken bone
A bone fracture - the scourge of children and the elderly
occurred as a result of severe injuries, call an ambulance. Also, seek emergency medical care in the following cases:
- A person does not respond to external stimuli, not breathing, and / or does not move. After calling a doctor, start artificial respiration and / or cardiac massage;
- The victim severe bleeding;
- Even a slight pressure and / or movement causes pain;
- A broken limb or joint looks deformed;
- The bone pierced the skin;
- Fingers broken arms or legs are numb and / or their skin becomes bluish;
- You suspect that the victim's broken spine, base of the skull or neck;
- You suspect that the victim is broken pelvis or hip.
In all these cases, especially in cases of suspected fracture of the spine or neck, do not move the patient unless it is absolutely necessary - for example, to prevent further damage.
While waiting for the arrival of doctors, provide first aid
- If there is bleeding, take measures to stop it. If you do not use any bandages, clean cloth;
- Immobilize the affected part of the body. If the joint and / or limb you seem distorted, do not try to give them a familiar form. Put the tires above and below the fracture; pribintuyte their wide bandages or any clean cloth. Tires can be made from scrap material - planks or straight, rather thick branches. They will help ease the discomfort, but in any case not to apply the patches man with a broken spine;
- Apply ice wrapped in some cloth to the skin in the area of the fracture to reduce inflammation and relieve pain.
If the fracture does not prevent a person to move around independently and had no bleeding - for example, in closed fractures hands should be on their own to go to the Emergency stations. Tires need to impose necessary.
General principles of first aid for fractures
First aid for fractures is divided into pre-medical and medical. Pre-hospital first aid could have anyone familiar with the rules of care. At the same time this person should call an ambulance.
Emergency doctor providing first medical aid to alleviate the patient's condition, prevent complications and timely deliver the injured to hospital.
First aid patients with fractures
If you witness an accident, first of all, you need to calm down and assess the situation there not an additional source of danger, perhaps, the victim will need to move the scene to a safer place. If multiple fractures or suspected fracture of the spine
Fracture of the spine - how to get out with minimal losses?
Then (if possible) the victim is better not to touch it or move it to another location on the hard stretcher.
The next step - a good look at the victim and to decide what assistance he needs to have in the first place. First of all, you need to pay attention to bleeding. To stop it, you need to give the bleeding limbs elevated position, apply a pressure bandage or a tourniquet. If the bleeding is small and you have to yourself a sterile bandage, then gently fold it in several layers, apply to the wound, the top cover with a bandage does not spill, and then tightly bandage around the limb.
If bleeding is severe, it can be stopped with a tourniquet. For this purpose, fit the rope, belt, tie, etc. Harness superimposed above the bleeding on any fabric (not to injure the skin) and swing the limb around 2-3 times. Loosely tourniquet perezhmet only veins (they are closer to the surface). Harness imposed no more than two hours (about the hour tourniquet, to warn emergency doctor).
The next phase - have a look
. If there is absolute or relative signs of fracture, the victim needs to be done immobilization (immobilization) limb
. To do this, you can also use the material at hand in the form of tablets, sticks, hard bags, and so on
. Such improvised splint is applied no less than two joints, surrounding the fracture site (of course you need to fix in the position it occupies and not try to connect the bone fragments)
. The exception is the hip and shoulder joints - bus must capture three joints
. After splinting it pribintovyvayut (improvised means, for example, a piece of torn clothing) to the affected limb)
. You need to call an ambulance as soon as possible, but if this is not possible, the victim used to transport a stretcher with a solid base (they also can be made independently of the two poles and planks between them)
.
First medical aid
First medical aid is an emergency room physician. If the bleeding does not stop, then stop it adopted additional measures. The patient may be in a state of shock (shock - a state of severe weakness and general oppression of the body caused by the defeat of the vital systems of the body; it is a very dangerous condition that can lead to the death of the victim), and then the doctor introduces him protivoshokovym funds.
Once a doctor decides a patient with a life-threatening condition, he prepares it for transport, trying to make optimal immobilization of the limb. And only then transported the victim to a hospital, where he will be provided with specialized care.
Galina Romanenko
