Kidney stones are formed when the concentration of certain substances in urine (e.g., calcium, phosphorus and oxalate) becomes too high. This can be avoided by using a variety of dietary restrictions. Special diet for kidney stones will help prevent the formation of new stones and, in many cases, avoid exacerbating urolithiasis. Those who have a genetic predisposition to the formation of kidney stones also should carefully monitor their diet, limiting consumption of products, because of which can begin the formation of stones.

Types of kidney stones and nutrition

To determine which products for kidney stones can be a patient there, and what - you can not, you need to find out what kind of stones are formed in his body - this will depend on dietary recommendations. For example, limiting the intake of oxalate may aid in calcium and oxalate stones, but will not be effective at stones of uric acid salts. Some dietary recommendations, however, useful in any kind of kidney stones. Type stones mounted via a number of laboratory tests.

When calcium and oxalate kidney stones is necessary to limit the intake of sodium, animal protein (it contains, such as meat, eggs, fish), avoid foods rich in oxalate, such as spinach, rhubarb, nuts and wheat bran. When the phosphate rocks is recommended to consume less sodium and animal protein as well as ensure that the diet includes enough calcium, or take nutritional supplements Food additives - basic classification   with calcium. Patients who were found stones from uric acid salts, it is necessary to significantly reduce the consumption of animal protein.

Liquids

Menu for kidney stones should include not only certain foods, but also quite a large number of fluids. Usually, doctors recommend that patients who formed kidney stones Kidney stones: identify and treat Drink plenty of water, but this advice can be understood in very different ways. Most experts agree that such patients need to consume a total of about 2.5 liters of liquids daily. Ideally, the volume of liquid must be such that the body secretes about two liters of urine a day, but in practice very few people will measure its volume, so are common to all recommendations. However, the amount of fluid intake can be increased in accordance with their needs - for example, in hot weather, or on days when you exercise vigorously. Many doctors recommend drinking a glass of water before going to bed Dreams: how to understand our dreams And if you get up at night to go to the toilet before you go to bed again, drink another glass.

Most of the fluid intake should fall into the water, but you can also drink juice, tea without sugar, there are a variety of soups. It is necessary to drink in about equal time intervals, so that the body has no shortage of moisture.

In addition, some experts believe that drinks from citrus fruits such as orange juice or water with lemon juice, helps prevent the formation of stones because they contain citrate, which do not allow mineral crystals accumulate and form kidney stones.

Natrium

Under the influence of sodium, much of which is supplied together with the salt, the body begins to output through the kidneys too much calcium. The high concentration of calcium in the urine may lead to the formation of kidney stones. Therefore, when kidney stones are recommended to limit intake to no calcium, and sodium.

The recommended daily intake of sodium is 2300 mg, but according to statistics, the inhabitants of many European countries consume an average of 3,400 mg of the substance on a daily basis. The more a person uses sodium, the more increases the risk of kidney stones. People who have previously been found stones, and those who have a genetic predisposition to kidney stones Kidney stones - why women tolerate it harder? , You must ensure that the amount of sodium in their diet did not exceed the recommended norm.

The packaging of many foods contain information about the contents in them of various substances - read, and choose foods with the lowest sodium content. Particularly high in sodium include:

• Sausages and sausage;
• Canned soups and vegetables;
• Frozen products, which have processing (for example, frozen dumplings, pizza, burgers, and so on);
• Hamburgers, french fries and other fast food.
• Minimize the consumption of products containing the following substances:
• Monosodium glutamate (also can be specified as monosodium glutamate or MSG);
• Sodium bicarbonate - the chemical name of baking soda (sodium bicarbonate);
• Baking powder containing sodium bicarbonate and other chemicals;
• Disodium phosphate (disodium phosphate);
• Sodium alginate (sodium alginate);
• Sodium nitrate;
• Sodium nitrite.

It is believed that duodenal ulcer is found in 5-10% of the population, with approximately equal frequency in women and men. Diet is an effective means of alleviating the symptoms of the disease; it also helps to slow down its development.

The essence of the diet

The diet duodenal ulcer should include a lot of fiber and less fat as possible. The best sources of healthy fats to a diet will serve salmon, mackerel, sardines and herring - they contain nutrients help prevent the further destruction of the inner lining of the wall of the duodenum.

In addition, be sure to include a diet of fresh fruits and vegetables, such as carrots, cabbage, wiki and apricots - they also protect the wall and the stomach and duodenum. However, it should be avoided citrus - contrary, they may exacerbate the symptoms of duodenal ulcer.

Foods rich in vitamin E, for example, wheat germ and walnuts, are very useful for intestinal health in general.

Large portions of even the most useful food stimulate the production of large amounts of gastric juice, which can aggravate ulcers. Therefore, duodenal ulcer is recommended to eat small portions.

Sample menu diet duodenal ulcer:

• Breakfast: a cup of oatmeal, one boiled or roasted (no oil on a nonstick pan) egg, black coffee without caffeine.
• Lunch: 60-80 grams of turkey, 50 g cheddar cheese, a piece of whole-wheat bread.
• Dinner: steamed or baked in foil fish or chicken and mashed potatoes.

During the day you can have a snack of fresh fruit and berries, such as grapes or kiwi.

What kind of products should be avoided

Patients with duodenal ulcer should be excluded from the diet of hot spices Spices - delicious slimming Such as pepper, curry, mustard, ginger Ginger and the most unexpected, but pleasant useful properties   - They contribute to deepening and rapid increase in ulcer. Alcohol and caffeine increase the acidity of the stomach, which is why the symptoms of duodenal ulcers can be aggravated. Salty foods also increases the likelihood of deterioration of the patient. Solite only ready-made meals, or replace salt for other seasonings. Do not buy these salty foods like potato chips, smoked meat, some types of biscuits and breakfast cereals.

Diet during exacerbation of duodenal ulcer

During exacerbation of duodenal ulcer Duodenal Ulcer - blame the bacteria?   in the first week of the diet appointed 1a, then (if the condition improves) for two weeks - 1b, and in the end - №1 diet for a long time, up to six months and even years.

Diet 1a - the hardest: all dishes are mashed, semi-solid and liquid, eating 6-8 times a day. Prepare mashed mucous porridges and soups, dairy products, eggs, soft-boiled eggs, compote.

Diet 1b - previous meals added cottage cheese, mashed potatoes, semi dishes of chicken meat.

Diet 1 - food is more solid, is added to boiled chicken, steam cutlets, beef stroganoff from boiled meat, soup with cabbage and sour cream, the dried white bread.

Staying on a diet 1 long after sharpening it lasts from several months to a year. This diet is well appointed and is worsening with the anti-treatment, which is carried out in all patients with peptic ulcer twice a year (spring and fall).

Diet duodenal ulcer complicated by hemorrhage

In the first hours of bleeding to reduce the rush of blood to the organs of the gastrointestinal tract and reduce bleeding to supply the patient using chilled cream, butter, milk in small portions. If the patient is vomiting, the routine proceeds to parenteral (bypassing the gastrointestinal tract) power in the form of intravenous nutrient solutions.

In the first days after the cessation of bleeding resolved white dried bread, carefully grind the meat (as a souffle), milk, cream, butter, mashed potatoes mashed with milk, mashed milk porridge (cooked on the water, and then divorced milk), fresh fruit juices diluted by half with water. This diet helps to reduce the muscle of the stomach and duodenum, which constricts blood vessels and help stop bleeding. Diet certainly enriched vitamin K (improves blood clotting) and C (reduces the permeability of blood vessels). After the patient's condition is stable, he is transferred to the table 1a.

Diet duodenal ulcer complicated by stenosis

One of the complications of peptic ulcer disease is stenosis (narrowing of the stable), duodenal ulcer, which is manifested by repeated and uncontrollable vomiting. This is due to the fact that food is retained in the stomach for a long time, since the duodenum narrows (at the site of the ulcer formed scar connective tissue, which in contrast to the muscular tissue is not stretched).

Feature therapeutic nutrition in this complication is very strict mechanical and chemical shchazhenie mucosa of the gastrointestinal tract and the fluid replacement and salts lost during vomiting by the body. Meals should be frequent and fractional (small portions). Calorie dishes are enhanced by a large number of milk protein, meat protein, carbohydrates, fruit juices and enrichment of food with vitamins and minerals.

Well tolerated with respect to solid food, have been subjected to increased cooking. Of the ground several times meat cooked souffle and meatballs. Eggs - or boiled, or as an omelette. Desserts - jelly, jellies, puddings. Typically, before a meal entered spasmolytics (e.g., papaverine Papaverine - for pain caused by spasms of smooth muscles , No-spa), which helps to relax the muscles of the duodenum and the better the passage of food.

When reducing the signs of stenosis (vomiting), the patient gradually shifted to a diet 1a.

When conservative therapy patient in combination with a therapeutic feeding is often possible to avoid surgery and to achieve long-term remission of duodenal ulcer.

Galina Romanenko