When you need to see a doctor

Consult your doctor if you have signs and symptoms that are common to a kidney infection, including:

• pain in the back or side;
• fever and chills;
• nausea and vomiting.

When intolerable and frequent urge to urinate, and if painful urination and blood in the urine is present, you should seek medical advice. If in the past you have been diagnosed with a urinary tract infection and any suspicious symptoms, consult a doctor.

You should also consult your doctor if symptoms of cystitis Cystitis - symptoms: spasms, cramps and discomfort   reappear after taking a course of antibiotics. Perhaps you need a different type of medication. If a child involuntary urinary incontinence in the daytime, contact your pediatrician.

Preparing for the doctor

If you notice at the signs and symptoms of cystitis, make an appointment to see a doctor. After the initial examination you may be referred to a doctor who specializes in diseases of the urinary tract (urologist or nephrologist).

What you need to inform your doctor

In advance, make a list of information that can be useful your doctor. This list should include:

• Any symptoms that you notice.
• Health information, including any major stresses and diseases from being cured.
• Medications, including vitamins and supplements that you take.
• Questions you want to ask your doctor.
• If possible, invite a family member or friend who can provide you with moral support and to help deal with the new information. Be prepared for what you'll go through a lot of surveys, and support will never be superfluous.

Specify the questions in order of importance, from most important to least important. Here is a sample list of the main issues.

• What is the most likely cause of the observed signs and symptoms?
• Are there other possible causes?
• Do I need to undergo any tests to confirm the diagnosis?
• What factors might contribute to disease cystitis?
• What treatment approach do you recommend?
• If the first line of treatment would be ineffective, which would you recommend?
• Great is a risk of complications?
• What is the likelihood of recurrence?
• What can I do to reduce the risk of recurrence?
• Should I see a specialist?

In addition to the questions that you've prepared, do not hesitate to ask additional questions that may arise at the reception.

What to expect at the reception

Most likely, your doctor will ask you some questions. If you prepare for it, it will give you time to discuss topics that interest you. For example, your doctor may ask you the following questions:

• What are the symptoms you are experiencing?
• When did you first notice these symptoms at home?
• Have you had these symptoms in the past?
• Have you ever been treated for infections of the bladder or kidney infection?
• How significant discomfort you are experiencing?
• You feel the urgent need to urinate?
• How often do you urinate?
• If symptoms disappear after urination?
• Do you feel pain?
• Increased if you have a fever?
• If you have any vaginal discharge?
• Did you notice blood in your urine?
• Are you sexually active?
• Do you use contraception? If so, what?
• Do you use contraceptives that contain spermicides?
• You are pregnant?
• Have you had a similar illness in the past?
• What treatments have you received from other diseases?
• Have you ever used a catheter?
• What medications are you currently taking, including over the counter, as well as vitamins and supplements?
• Do you have any allergies to any medications?

Diagnosis of cystitis

The diagnosis of cystitis is made by medical examination and laboratory data (a large number of white blood cells in the urine). If you have a chronic process performed cystoscopy (acute cystitis Acute cystitis: Treat treated responsibly   it is contraindicated) - the study of the internal condition of the bladder Urinary bladder - structure and function   using special equipment. As the bladder wall are judged on the extent of his defeat, reveal a tumor, stones, fistulas, ulcers, bladder symptoms are kidney and ureter. If you want to use other methods of urological examination.

The diagnosis of cystitis is primarily based on symptoms and signs. Not as important as it looks urine. The most important diagnostic research is a chemical analysis of the urine, which is very fast, and urine culture (urine sample is sent to a laboratory to study the bacteria). Samples should be fresh. It is also important that the woman held the labia during urination to avoid getting bacteria from the skin of the vagina and the sample. If the urine test shows the inflammation, the doctor immediately prescribe antibiotics pending further confirmation. After a while, it will become clear whether the bacteria are sensitive to the antibiotic, or bacteria are resistant, and the prescribed treatment would be ineffective.

In addition to studying the symptoms and medical history, your doctor may prescribe the following studies:

• Analysis of urine. If you suspect a bladder infection Inflammation of the bladder - inconvenient and unpleasant   physician may request a urine sample to determine whether it bacteria, blood or pus.
• Cystoscopy - a survey the inner surface of the bladder, which is produced using an endoscope (or a cystoscope, a catheter with an optical and lighting systems), which is administered through the urethra. The doctor may also use a cystoscope to take a small sample of tissue (biopsy) for analysis in the laboratory. This test is carried out mainly in recurrent cystitis.
• Research to obtain images. Such studies are usually not required, but in some cases - especially when evidence of infection not found - can be useful. These research methods include X-ray and ultrasound; they help to rule out other potential causes inflammation of the bladder, such as a tumor or structural abnormalities.

Symptoms of prostatitis are not always manifest, and sometimes inflammation of the prostate symptoms. And it is very dangerous, because the man does not receive the necessary treatment, and thus multiplied the risk of complications, including impotence Impotence - a female perspective on the problem   and infertility.

How to identify prostatitis

Infectious and inflammatory processes in the genital area of ​​men and women today are a major cause of infertility. A feature of all of these diseases (prostatitis no exception) is that they often occur with minimal symptoms or even completely asymptomatic. That is why all men is recommended once a year show a urologist, and women - gynecologist.

If you do that for some reason is not possible, you need to pay attention to any violations that occur in the genital area, even if they were transient and went on their own without treatment. The main symptoms of prostatitis are pain in the urinary organs and urinary disorders.

If such symptoms appear, you should immediately consult your doctor and be screened. The survey includes: a study of urine and prostate secretion in the presence of an infectious agent by PCR (detected DNA pathogen), seeding of prostate secretion in the culture media to identify the pathogen and its sensitivity to antibiotics or antiviral drugs, the general analysis of blood, urine, blood analysis by ELISA (detected antibodies to infectious agents), ultrasound and X-ray studies, if necessary.

The first signs of prostatitis

The first signs of prostatitis may be a night of pain in the perineum, pubic area and lower back, accompanied by a slight impairment in the form of frequent urination painful by the end of urination. The intensity of these symptoms in different patients may be different, they just need to pay attention.

Symptoms and treatment of prostatitis Treatment of prostatitis - not an easy task   linked: the sooner the patient finds symptoms of prostatitis and to see a specialist, the more effective the treatment will be. If the primary is acute prostatitis, there is a chance to get rid of the disease forever.

Pain

Pain is a major and persistent symptoms of prostatitis. Because the prostate swells and increases in size, compressed blood vessels, broken blood microcirculation in the prostate that promotes continuous flow of inflammation in the prostate. Irritation of the nerve endings of the products of inflammation and compression of enlarged prostate cause the appearance of pain.

Initially, the pain are transient non-intensive in nature. They start in the perineum or the pubic area and spread to the inner thighs, sacrum and lower back. At the beginning of the disease are pain usually occur at night, which is associated with increased prostate edema at rest and warm. But gradually the pain become stronger and more frequent.

Chronic prostatitis is often accompanied by the development of chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CPPS). Today not determined why developing this syndrome, the main feature of which is constant, more or less intense aching pain in the genital area, perineum, inner thighs and lower back. CPPS peculiarity is that arising from this pain, it is very difficult to stop - they are virtually untreatable.

Urination disorders

Urination disorders - it is no less frequent sign of prostatitis. If such violations are related to the difficulty of removing urine from the bladder (the prostate is associated with an enlarged prostate squeezing the urethra - the urethra), they are called dysuria.

If prostatitis dysuria usually appears imperative frequent urge to urinate and the emergence of pain at the end of urination. Urine thus usually turbid, with a strong inflammatory process it is possible to detect impurity levels. If inflammation of the prostate is purulent in the urine may appear thread of pus.

Common features

Common signs of acute prostatitis Acute prostatitis - the culprit bacteria   include fever (usually mild, but sometimes up to high digits), chills, malaise, pain in muscles and joints, headache.

Common symptoms of chronic prostatitis Chronic prostatitis - every man should know his signs   - A weakness, malaise, decreased performance.

Symptoms of prostatitis indicate that the patient should immediately consult a urologist.

Galina Romanenko