People suffering from inguinal hernia and the other at all times - at least, mention of them and describing the operation to remove them found in written sources of the reign of Hammurabi and papyrus scrolls of ancient Egypt. Today the removal of inguinal hernia - one of the most common surgeries in the world, which is carried out not only to adults but also, often, very young children.

Preparing to remove an inguinal hernia

Before the surgery, the patient should inform the doctor if he ever had an allergic reaction to any substance, if he takes medication, blood thinners, or other means that may affect blood clotting, as well as other drugs, including - OTC analgesics, eye drops, herbs, or dietary supplements Food additives - basic classification . Doctors also need to know if the patient ever had a negative reaction to the anesthesia, if it has a history of thrombosis Thrombosis - the cause of heart attack and stroke   or other disorders associated with blood clotting, if he made any previous surgery. Finally, be sure to inform the doctor about his bad habits and existing chronic diseases.

As a rule, two weeks before the operation will be carried out on an inguinal hernia - no matter what method of removing it to be used - doctors recommend to stop taking NSAIDs and vitamin E. Those who are taking anticoagulants should consult both with the appointing their physician and surgeon - they decide when to stop taking the drug.

If the operation will be performed under general anesthesia, at least eight hours before its start you can not eat or drink. Sometimes, patients are asked to take a shower before surgery using antibacterial soap.

Go for an operation, it is desirable in clothes that will be easy to put on after its completion, when the most simple movements will be given a little more difficult than usual.

Most patients with rare exceptions, are issued only a few hours after the removal of an inguinal hernia, but that does not mean that your body will function as usual .  Because of the use of general anesthesia will be weakened concentration and the reaction rate is lowered, so within days after surgery can not get behind the wheel .  Undesirable as unaccompanied navigate busy streets, especially in areas where pedestrian crossings are not installed traffic lights .  Go home on foot, unless you live very close to the hospital, too, should not - although patients can normally walk in the day of the operation, they should not go for long walks .  It is best to ask someone from the family members that they took you home from the hospital; people who live alone, it is advisable to ask someone to stay with them at least one night after the operation - in case (fortunately unlikely), if there are serious complications .

Methods for the removal of inguinal hernia

• Open surgery to remove a hernia

To carry out such an operation can be used spinal anesthesia (a type of local anesthesia) or general anesthesia (general anesthesia). When using spinal anesthesia, the patient remains conscious but does not feel pain in the lower body. In addition to this anesthesia can be used sedatives - they help a person to relax and have surgery. Usually, local anesthesia is subject to the removal of small and uncomplicated inguinal hernias. Very often such anesthetic is used for the treatment of inguinal hernia Inguinal hernia - dangerous or not?   the elderly, and in patients with severe cardiovascular or pulmonary diseases. But the treatment of even small inguinal hernias in children often prefer anesthesia - this is due to the fact that the small patients more difficult to stay calm and stillness than adults, and this can interfere with the normal course of operations.

When the anesthesia takes effect, the surgeon with a scalpel makes an incision in the lower abdomen. Reduce a hernia through a hole in the abdominal wall. Thereafter, the surgeon can simply sew up the hole in the muscle tissue, but more often it put "patch" of a special soft, but durable material. It serves as a sort of scaffolding around which gradually formed a new, durable fabric. (Of course, unlike these scaffolds, the tissue is not removed - it is part of the abdominal wall).

In the past, the so-called mesh implants can be made of metals such as silver (silver yarn) or stainless steel. Today commonly used grids made from polypropylene and other synthetic materials. One of the latest inventions in the field - the use of nets with a skeleton made of nitinol; these prostheses stronger than conventional synthetic mesh, and easier to fix.

Sometimes, for some time after the operation has to use a catheter to withdraw fluid that can accumulate in the weld area. This usually occurs after removing neobhodimos large inguinal hernias.

• Removal of inguinal hernia laparoscopy

Laparoscopy - a type of endoscopy, the method used for the inspection and operation of the internal organs through small cuts or punctures in the skin. The widespread use of laparoscopy Laparoscopy - why is it necessary?   Hernia began in the 1990s, when he became a rapidly growing interest in this method and the results were published a number of studies showing the benefits of laparoscopic surgery to open surgery. However, endoscopic removal of an inguinal hernia is still not become a means of first choice in the treatment of hernias. This operation is performed only under general anesthesia, it is more expensive and takes longer than an open herniorrhaphy; besides, it is somewhat more likely to cause complications, in particular, the re-formation of inguinal hernia. Another serious problem is that not all hospitals have surgeons with a large enough experience in laparoscopic surgery. According to rough estimates, laparoscopy is currently only 15% of the disposal operations of inguinal hernias.

To perform this operation using a laparoscope - a tube with a diameter of ten millimeters (less often used more subtle laparoscopy, the diameter of which is only five millimeters), which is a small camera and a light bulb. A laparoscope and instruments that are used directly for the operation, is introduced through the incisions, the length of which corresponds to the diameter of the tool. Laparoscopy allows you to do all the same thing as open surgery - to the right a hernia, hernial sew or strengthen the abdominal wall by means of a mesh material. However, it is not suitable for the removal of large hernias - in their treatment are usually held open surgery.

Cystauchenitis often combined with trigonitom, strictly speaking, it is an integral part trigonita. To identify the disease and to treat properly, need to be surveyed. This disease occurs in both women and men and can cause a lot of trouble, until the urinary incontinence.

What cystauchenitis and why he can begin

Cystitis - an inflammation of the bladder wall. Cystauchenitis - is an inflammatory process in the area of ​​the bladder neck - a place of transition of the bladder into the urethra. Inflammation in this very confined space is rare, usually in the inflammatory process involved urocystic triangle - space between flowing into the bladder of two ureters and exit of the urethra, having the shape of a triangle. Such inflammation is called trigonitom cystauchenitis and is its integral part.

When cystauchenitis involved in the inflammatory process of the muscles involved in closing and opening of the release of their bladder. These muscles are called sphincters. In total, there are two sphincter: internal - it is composed of smooth muscle and reduced involuntarily; external sphincter consists of striated muscle, and a person can manage it. When inflammation of the muscle function is disturbed them, which can lead to incontinence.

The inflammatory process in this field may proceed both acutely and chronically.

Acute cystauchenitis

This process is usually the result of contact with infectious agents from the upper part of the urethra (such as the propagation of any infection, sexually transmitted). The cause of inflammation may be prostatitis Prostatitis: how to deal with pain . Therefore, a sharp cystauchenitis more common in men.

Onset of the disease acute, sometimes in violation of general condition, with a slight fever, lethargy, weakness, malaise. A feature of cervical cystitis is that against the background of frequent painful urination, characteristic for all acute cystitis, there are pronounced voiding up to incontinence. The cause of urinary incontinence is an inflammatory process in the sphincter search through leakage of urine from the bladder.

As with any acute cystitis Acute cystitis: Treat treated responsibly , Cystauchenitis and trigonitis held for a maximum of a week, but if time does not treat properly, the symptoms usually return, but in a chronic course.

Chronic cystauchenitis

Chronic cystauchenitis Cystitis: urgently take action   trigonitis and observed mainly in women. This occurs because the blood circulation in this area, for example, in the wrong position in the uterus or omission of the anterior vaginal wall. Often for such inflammation associated infection. Sometimes the cause of this condition is a chronic inflammatory process in the parameters - loose connective tissue surrounding the uterus.

In chronic cystauchenitis signs of the disease are expressed little. This is usually more frequent urination and discomfort during this act. Changes in urine are usually absent, so to identify chronic cystauchenitis can be difficult, given that both complaints, the women almost there. But sometimes accompanied by chronic cystauchenitis neuderzhivaniem periodic urine and that's when women usually go to the doctor.

Identify chronic cystauchenitis only during cystoscopy - survey the inner surface of the bladder Urinary bladder - structure and function   using a special optical device - a cystoscope. Cystoscopy shows that the mucous membrane of the vesical triangle loosened, edematous, slightly flushed.

Cervical complication of cystitis and trigonita often vesicoureteral reflux (reflux of urine from the bladder into the ureters) and as a consequence of this process - pyelonephritis - an infectious-inflammatory diseases of the kidney.

Treatment of cervical cystitis

Treatment of acute cervical cystitis Policy Pay as well as conventional treatment of cystitis. Appointed by bed rest, drinking plenty of fluids, diet, eliminating foods that irritate the mucous membrane of the urinary bladder (spicy, sour, salty, smoked, grilled), antibacterial agents that suppress pathogenic microflora. If treatment is started promptly, and has been identified and treated the main cause of disease, cystitis passes.

Chronic cystauchenitis harder to treat. In addition to the usual antibiotic treatment (it is carried out only after the identification of the causative agent and its sensitivity to antibiotics), prescribers, improves blood circulation in the pelvic area are identified and being treated inflammatory diseases of the genital organs, immune disorders.

Treatment is carried out both locally: the bladder introduce various antiseptic solutions. Required courses prescribed physical therapy and physical therapy.

Galina Romanenko