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Although the treatment of ectopic pregnancy in some cases, used medical methods, most often surgery - the only way out, especially when running ectopic pregnancy led to the rupture of the fallopian tube and internal bleeding.

Surgery for an ectopic pregnancy is appointed in several situations. Firstly, the operation is necessary in the case when the level of a specific hormone, chorionic gonadotropin, very high - in such situations, a less invasive method of treatment of an ectopic pregnancy are more hazardous to health. If the ultrasound confirmed the absence of the ovum in the uterus, that is an ectopic pregnancy, surgery is done to prevent rupture of the fallopian tube. In addition, the operation - the only method in the case where the ectopic pregnancy caused a pipe rupture and internal bleeding, threatening the health and even the life of a woman.

Types of operations for ectopic pregnancy

Traditionally, the definition and treatment of ectopic pregnancy when the need for surgery are two different types of transactions - laparotomy and laparoscopy. Laparotomy, open surgery on the lower abdomen, is performed in the case where the ectopic pregnancy caused internal bleeding and rupture of the fallopian tube, being more urgent treatment. Alternative laparotomy - laparoscopy, surgery of minimum access, assuming fulfillment of two small incisions in the navel and the introduction of a laparoscope into the abdomen. Both operations can determine the exact location of the ovum and the further course of the treatment of ectopic pregnancy.

After confirmation of ectopic pregnancy and determine the exact location of the embryo carried out one of the transactions, involves the removal of the ovum. The choice of operation depends on the degree of damage to the fallopian tube with the fetal egg and state of the other tube. If the fallopian tube is damaged due to complications of pregnancy, there is bleeding, it is recommended the complete removal of the tube by salpingectomy. If the damage to the pipe is minimal, removes the ovum through a small incision. This procedure is called salpingotomy and saves the fallopian tube. In very rare cases, after salpingotomy to remove residual fetal eggs require medical treatment - injections of methotrexate - or the second operation, when the level of human chorionic gonadotropin is not reduced.

Recovery after surgery

Within one to two weeks after surgery may experience pain, which can be suppressed by taking painkillers. After laparoscopy Laparoscopy - why is it necessary?   for a short period of time can be observed bloating Bloating - if you are bursting inside Which explains residues carbon dioxide entering the peritoneal cavity during surgery (uses carbon dioxide to expand the abdominal cavity and laparoscopic facilitate the study). If the operation is accompanied by significant blood loss, within one to two weeks after surgery may experience fatigue, constant feeling of fatigue. In some cases, the procedure may need regular checkups at the gynecologist and analyzes to confirm that reduction of human chorionic gonadotropin and termination of ectopic pregnancy.

Length of stay in the hospital depends on the type of surgery. Typically, the hospital stay is one to two days for laparoscopy, three to five days - to laparotomy. Sutures remaining after surgery, usually disappears within a week after the procedure. Although the recovery period after surgery is short, for some time we recommend gentle treatment - for example, within two weeks after the surgery is not recommended exercise, heavy housework.

Every woman in adolescence should lead ovulation calendar. Before marriage it will allow it to detect and treat menstrual disorders. After marriage ovulation calendar useful to know the day, the most suitable for conception and days of "safe sex" for the prevention of unwanted pregnancies.

What is necessary to conduct ovulation calendar

Ovulation - this release mature egg from the ovary. This point is very important because it characterizes how well the system is functioning childbearing women.

Ovulation occurs in the middle of the menstrual cycle. For example, if the menstrual cycle is 28 days, ovulation occurs on day 14-16. The menstrual cycle start counting from the first day of menstruation and the come to an end - the first day of a new menstrual period.

During the first half of the menstrual cycle (before the ovulation) under the influence of ovarian hormones estrogen and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), pituitary oocyte maturation occurs, then it breaks vesicle (follicular), wherein the mature and released from the ovary (this ovulation). The egg lives only a day, during which time she has to get into the fallopian tube, and meet with sperm to form an embryo.

In the second half of the menstrual cycle "work" other hormones luteinizing hormone (LH), the pituitary and ovarian hormone - progesterone Progesterone - norm and pathology They create conditions for the fertilized egg to advance the implementation of the fallopian tube and into the uterine wall.

If pregnancy does not occur, then the mucous membrane of the uterus is rejected and the next menstruation occurs.

How to

Ovulation Calendar is necessary to know the days of "safe sex" (a natural method of contraception), and days of highest probability of conception. But before you start keeping a calendar, you need to learn to "pick up" signs of ovulation.

Some women ovulate manifested transient pain on one side of the lower abdomen (where matured and left the egg from the ovary), discharge of mucus from the vagina and increased sexuality Nine ways to experience their sexuality . But sometimes ovulation does not manifest itself, then can come to the aid of the method of determining the basal temperature (in the rectum), which decreases the day of ovulation and rises the next day.

Ovulation can be confirmed with the help of test strips (you can buy them at the pharmacy), detects the presence of luteinizing hormone in urine. Tests carried out twice a day from 9 to 15 day menstrual cycle. A positive result indicates that ovulation occurs in about 16-28 hours. In prenatal ovulation Ovulation - How to determine as accurately as possible?   It can be confirmed during the ultrasound.

As can be seen from the above, the highest probability of conception occurs within days after ovulation. Is it possible to become pregnant at a different time? It turns out you can. The fact that spermatozoa mostly live 1-3 days, and some bearings - to 4 days. Therefore, they may wait for the egg from the ovary, even if the sexual act was for 3-4 days before ovulation.

Knowing his days of ovulation, a woman will always be fully prepared, it can be used natural contraception method or simply do not panic if the condom broke. And if she is ready to become a mother, you can calculate in advance the time for conception.

Often ovulation calendar is required in case of violation of the menstrual cycle, for a correct diagnosis.

The Ovulation Calendar is celebrated time of ovulation and its characteristic features. Before you use a calendar for natural contraception or conception, it is necessary to conduct from 6 months to a year.

How to use ovulation calendar for natural contraception and conception

This technique is suitable only in the case of a regular menstrual cycle, with small deviations. The most likely time for conception - this time for the day after ovulation.

Time for a natural birth - this time, which begins two days after ovulation (the extra day - the correction for an error in the date of ovulation) and ends on the first day of the next menstruation. This is the so-called absolute sterility - the egg is not, and it will be a very long time.

Time relative sterility - this is the first half of the menstrual cycle, the egg at this time is not yet ripe, but the sperm have a chance to wait for her. Safer time for sex - this time, the most distant from ovulation.

Ovulation Calendar - a great method to determine the day of ovulation, and if a woman leads him on a regular basis, it allows her an honorable way out of many situations.

How to calculate ovulation

The menstrual cycle can be divided into three phases - the follicular phase, the phase of ovulation and the luteal phase, or the phase of the so-called corpus luteum. In order to calculate the menstrual cycle, it is necessary to know all three phases.

The follicular phase of the menstrual cycle - a period of time from the first day of menstruation before ovulation. During the follicular phase follicle begins to develop in the egg. Ovulation, the second phase begins at about the fourteenth day of the menstrual cycle The days of the menstrual cycle: Four phases . The process of ovulation stimulating hormone of the corpus luteum. Finally, the luteal phase - a period after the release of the egg from the ovary to the onset of menstruation.

The highest chances of getting pregnant in women - in the period beginning in about five days before ovulation and ending two days after ovulation. To calculate the menstrual cycle, it is necessary to recall the first day of the last menstrual period - it will be the first day of the menstrual cycle. Menstrual cycle ends on the last day before the start of the next menstrual period. For most women, the menstrual cycle takes an average of twenty-eight days, although the duration of the menstrual cycle is especially individual. Ovulation starts on the fourteenth day of the menstrual cycle - this means that women whose menstrual cycle duration is, for example, thirty days, ovulation starts somewhere on the sixteenth day.

Another way to determine the start of ovulation - a measurement of basal body temperature. Basal body temperature - it is the lowest temperature of the body at rest. Typically, the basal temperature is measured immediately after awakening - generally after the start of ovulation temperatures average half a degree centigrade higher than usual. Finally, ovulation can be determined by a change in vaginal discharge - with the beginning of ovulation discharge becomes thicker, denser, and after ovulation - more viscous.

Galina Romanenko