Diazolin - a drug which is used for many years in the treatment of various allergies. He positively established in the treatment of skin allergies, allergic rhinitis, bronchial asthma and other diseases. Therefore, despite the presence of a large number of new drugs in this series, diazolin continues to be popular.

Pharmacokinetics

After ingestion rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract (absorption when oral administration is 100%). Bioavailability is 40-60%. It is metabolized in the liver by methylation. It causes induction of microsomal liver enzymes. Excreted by the kidneys. The half-life in plasma - 5, 5 hours.

The mechanism of allergic reactions and antihistaminics

Responsible for allergic reactions in the body is a neurotransmitter (a substance with which transmit nerve impulses) histamine, which affects the sensitivity to the nerve endings (receptors) are not shared by the H1-receptors (which are responsible for the reaction of bronchial tissues edema) and H2-receptors (responsible for the gastric acid secretion).

An allergic reaction is characterized by the emergence of free histamine, which causes increased permeability of the vessel walls, lowers blood pressure, strengthens the watery eyes, mucus from the nose, swelling of tissue, muscle spasm of the bronchi, increased secretion of gastric juice.

Antihistamine drugs block histamine receptors, which prevents histamine into the bloodstream. H1 receptor blockers-induced histamine relieve bronchospasm, reduces the permeability of the walls of small blood vessels (reduces swelling of tissues), do not give a sharply lower blood pressure Blood pressure - dangerous if his swing?   - All this reduces or even prevents the occurrence of allergic reactions. A side effect of this group of drugs is a sedative (calming) effect.

Another group of drugs - blockers H2-receptor reduces the amount of gastric juices, so it is prescribed for a variety of diseases of the stomach.

The mechanism of action diazolin

Diazolin (active ingredient - mebhydrolin) is an antihistamine, refers to the H1-receptor blockers and is available in the form of pills for oral administration in adult (0, 1 g) and child (0, 05 g) dosage. Diazolin blocks histamine H1-receptors, reduces spasms of smooth muscles of internal organs, the capillary permeability, resulting in reduced all symptoms of an allergic reaction, including tissue swelling, itching, profuse nasal discharge, conjunctival irritation, bronchospasm.

Side effects such as sedation at diazolin unlike the other drugs in this group expressed slightly.

Indications for use diazolin

Diazolin one of the first antihistamines, but it is adequate, but the mild effect without significant side effects. Therefore diazolin still able to compete with the latest generation antihistamines. He was appointed at the following allergic diseases and conditions:

• allergic rhinitis, including those associated with flowering plants;
• allergic conjunctivitis;
• skin allergic reactions such as urticaria (krupnopyatnistoy increases by merging the eyes and rash), which can move in laryngeal edema - angioedema;
• allergic skin diseases (atopic dermatitis, neurodermatitis, eczema);
• skin ulcers of any origin;
• pain, itching and swelling Prevention and treatment of edema - it is important to understand the root cause   on the skin after biting insects;
• bronchospasm;
• food, drug allergy;
• allergic to house dust, animal hair, pieces of fish skin.

Diazolin - is one of the few drugs that are prescribed by a doctor can be applied during pregnancy (but it is only in the first 12 weeks) as found in practice that it has no adverse effects on the fetus.

Be wary appoint diazolin a tendency to seizures (eg, epilepsy), heart rhythm disorders, liver and kidney, as well as people engaged in work that requires precise coordination of movements.

This is contraindicated diazolin

Like any antihistamine diazolin has a number of contraindications:

• gastric ulcer and duodenal ulcer;
• inflammation of the digestive system in the acute stage;
• inflammation and swelling of the prostate gland;
• increased intraocular pressure (glaucoma);
• idiosyncrasy diazolin;
• breast-feeding;
• Children under two years.

Side effects diazolin

Diazolin has a number of side effects:

• the central nervous system - fatigue, a decreased performance, impaired motor coordination and concentration, dizziness Dizziness - if the ground is slipping from under his feet , Drowsiness;
• the part of the digestive system - decreased appetite, nausea, dry mouth, heartburn, stomach pain Abdominal pain: Types and Symptoms ;
• Other side effects - changes in the blood (decrease of granular white blood cells, that is, lowered immunity), urination disorders, allergic reactions.

Hives or urticaria - a vast reddish itchy rash on the skin, similar to the one that appears after the sting. Blisters in the hives can be different sizes and shapes. The rash can cause very severe discomfort; it usually extends throughout the day. Some patients rash occurs regularly, someone in my life is just one episode.

Consult your doctor if:

• Symptoms persist long after the beginning of the use of domestic or OTC
• Symptoms cause severe discomfort
• The symptoms persist for more than one week

Seek emergency medical assistance if:

• You feel dizzy
• You feel chest tightness or trouble breathing
• You have swollen throat

Find the trigger:

• Symptoms of hives can appear as a result of exposure to various triggers that cause mast cells released into the blood antihistamine and other substances that cause an allergic reaction. Sometimes it is impossible to determine what exactly causes this condition, especially if chronic urticaria. The most common triggers of hives are:
• Food items. Almost any food can be allergenic, but most often it is shellfish, fish, peanuts, hazelnuts, almonds Use almond: Fertility symbol of peace , Walnuts, eggs and milk
• Medications. Very often, allergic reactions including urticaria, cause aspirin, penicillin, ibuprofen Ibuprofen: anti-inflammatory drug , Naproxen, and medications used to reduce or increase blood pressure
• Common allergens are also pollen, animal dander, latex, fungal spores, insect bites

Some hives are becoming less common pathogens:

• Environmental factors: for example, high or low temperature, water, sunlight, sports and sweating, psychological stress
• Dermatografiya (or dermographia) - the so-called disorder in which any, even a very weak impact or scratching of the skin, leading to the appearance of the red convex lines exactly where there was contact with the skin. The skin of these people are so sensitive that, for example, a girl named Ariana Page Russell has used his hypersensitive skin as a canvas, creating patterns on it with the help of a nail or a thin stick with a blunt end. After 10-10 minutes, the drawings disappear and preserved only in photographs.
• In some cases, hives can be a reaction to a blood transfusion, or a signal of disorders such as lupus, some cancers, thyroid dysfunction, bacterial or viral infections, such as hepatitis Hepatitis - the scourge of our time HIV, cytomegalovirus Cytomegalovirus - what is its danger?   or Epstein-Barr virus.

Risk factors

Most likely the occurrence of hives, which occurred before the episodes of this disorder, people who have other allergic reactions. In addition, if the rash was, or have your relatives, you also are at risk.

Complications

Hives are almost always cause itching and discomfort associated with this, but rarely leads to severe deterioration of health. However, in rare severe cases, especially when a rash is concentrated in the area of ​​the mouth and throat may occur complications such as difficulty breathing, loss of consciousness, and anaphylaxis. The last complication is very rare, but the likelihood of its development can not be excluded completely. If anaphylactic shock is very difficult breathing, blood pressure drops; the patient may lose consciousness. Without immediate and adequate medical care for a short period of time, death can occur.

Diagnostics

Often the doctor is enough to say when, where and how you develop symptoms of urticaria. To confirm the diagnosis may require a blood test, but in most cases this is not required.

Medication

In most cases the rash goes away on its own. To alleviate its symptoms often used antihistamines. They reduce the itching and rash is getting smaller. If the rash interferes with sleep, in the evening it is recommended to take antihistamines with sedative effects (of the old generation drugs). In the afternoon, however, they can significantly reduce the activity of the patient.

Much less for the treatment of hives used steroids.

Cure hives completely impossible, so its treatment is aimed at relieving symptoms .  Most often it is used for oral antihistamines .  Many of them can be bought without a prescription, such as diphenhydramine and chlorpheniramine .  They can be taken up to three times a day, but they cause drowsiness and may affect the patient's ability to cope with daily activities .  Loratadine - an antihistamine with a less pronounced sedative effect, but it may not suit a person whose work requires high concentration of attention .  In more severe cases use prescription antihistamines .  If antihistamines do not help assigned to receive oral steroids .  They effectively eliminate the symptoms of urticaria, but can cause many side effects .  In rare cases, urticaria treated using ultraviolet, antifungal drugs and immunosuppressants .  For external use, even strong corticosteroid ointments, hives ineffective .