It is a rare disease with a favorable prognosis is not always that develops in patients with congenital disorders of immunity (primary immunodeficiencies) in children from birth. These children must be constantly observed and treated in accordance with established procedures.

What is this disease

Chronic generalized (granulomatous) candidiasis - is a disease that occurs in children with severe congenital immune disorders, as well as in violation of the parathyroid and other glands. It starts with oral candidiasis Oral candidiasis - affects not only children   (thrush), and then captures all the new spaces of the mucous membranes, skin and internal organs. If such a child is not receiving adequate treatment, the candida can cause his death.

The disease

Generalized candidiasis can occur in different ways. But more often it begins with oral thrush is not amenable to conventional treatment. Thrush begins with the oral mucosa, and is manifested as redness, swelling, Prevention and treatment of edema - it is important to understand the root cause   the oral mucosa and the appearance of her typical cheesy raids that first quickly removed with a spatula, and then fused with the mucosa and become dense film, which are found in removing the sores. Gradually candidiasis passes to area tongue, gums, palate, throat, tonsils. In the corners of the mouth appear stubbornly passing perleches (candida cheilitis), and the tongue is covered with rough folds.

Thrush can also occur somewhat differently, with marked redness and dryness of the oral mucosa, which appear whitish spots merging with each other. Language sometimes takes on a characteristic appearance by increasing the papillae and fungal filaments black covering language - the "black hairy tongue." Such a state of the oral mucosa difficult breast-feeding Breastfeeding - a personal choice   and causes it to lag behind in the physical and psychological development.

Immunodeficiency condition is always accompanied by a variety of bacterial infections, about which the child being treated with antibiotics Antibiotics - whether they will help you in the foreseeable future? . And it further enhances the existence of candidiasis, and contribute to its spread to other organs (generalization). It affects the skin, nails, scalp. On the face, scalp, trunk and limbs appear red scaly patches with sealing (infiltration) in the base (granulomatous foci), as well as elements of the skin such as papules and bumps. All these elements are completed first rough form crusts and then scarring and lead to the emergence of centers of baldness on the scalp and ugly scars on the smooth skin.

Suffer and nails: they thicken, deform, change color, and nail ridges become swollen.

Also develop symptoms of visceral candidiasis - internal organ. This can be candida lung lesions, gastrointestinal tract, liver, and kidney. As well as the bacterial infection when immunodeficiencies "never sleeps" inflammatory processes often are mixed fungal-bacterial in nature. When esophageal candidiasis in the child's condition worsens, develop swallowing difficulties, as on the walls of the esophagus grow the film, often completely covering the lumen of the esophagus. Intestinal lesions give rise to persistent diarrhea, while in the stool is common to see blood.

Generalized candidiasis is usually accompanied by severe course and anemia, fever, decrease the density of the long bones (osteoporosis), recurrent bronchitis and pneumonia, diarrhea and others.

Diagnosis and treatment

Diagnosis is based on typical clinical and laboratory investigations, including investigations of the state of immunity. When visceral lesions conducted research on the state of internal organs - X-ray, ultrasound, endoscopy.

Treatment of generalized candidiasis should be carried out only in the hospital, because the child can be difficult. Antifungals applied dosage for parenteral (bypassing the gastrointestinal tract) administration. When you join a bacterial infection antibiotics are prescribed. Be sure we treat immune disorders, sometimes we have to do for life.

Generalized candidiasis - a fungal disease is severe, difficult to treat.

Galina Romanenko

Worm infestation is a common disease that can occur in any age group. Worms at the child often can be attributed to diseases of dirty hands, but there are also other ways of contamination. If we talk about the possible number of existing pests, it is proved that there are about 300 different parasitic infestations that have pathogenic effects on the body.

How could cause contamination

Worms can get into the child's body as a result of non-compliance with specific hygienic rules and norms of behavior. In the first place as a source of infection are dirty hands. It is to teach a child to wash their hands thoroughly after coming home from the street, especially if there is dirt on the hands. It is unacceptable not to eat washed fruits and vegetables. Such products should be washed well under running water, not to leave them in the dirt, residues of the earth. It is possible to meet the situation when the child eats fruits or berries, which have just been on a bed, in contact with the ground. It is important to explain to the child what is unacceptable to do so, to avoid possible ingestion of pathogens to the ground. The soil is a favorable environment for the development of worms, they can remain there for a long time.

Children love animals, play with it. In most families, there is a cat or a dog. While playing with the animals is most intimate contact, the animals can lick the child. Animals in this situation are the source of contamination. You can not prohibit the child to not play with his beloved cat or dog, but after that the game should be thoroughly wash your hands, avoid licking. If a family has a pet, you have to be carried out preventive deworming all members of the family and the animal itself. For animals such courses is necessary to spend at least twice a year.

There is another source of infection - meat and fish, which have been insufficient heat treatment. For the majority of the parasites, these products are the intermediate host. Once in the human body at the larval stage, going further development of already mature individuals of the parasite. All meat and fish products should be subject to mandatory heat treatment, it is inadmissible to eat them raw. Peoples who live along the river, which is the main fisheries, often eat raw or salted fish. According to the results of the research it can be argued that the majority of indigenous peoples are infected by pathogens of various parasitic diseases. Children in this situation are not an exception, as their diet is completely determined by the parents.

As a clinical disease may occur

Symptoms that occur as a result of parasitism of a child in the body of worms, a great variety, with no specific symptoms of a particular disease .  Such a variety of symptoms determines the difficulty of diagnosis .  The main manifestations of the disease can be called intestinal and neuropsychiatric disorders .  Due to the development of the parasite in the gut of the host organism is the development of dyspeptic symptoms .  This can be expressed in the appearance of burping, discomfort or pain in the abdomen, as well as in violation of appetite .  Most often, the appetite is reduced, but there may be a reverse situation, when there is an increase it .  Often, increased appetite is not taken into account by parents, as it is believed that the increased appetite is a sign of health .  But this campaign is not correct, so any change in the appetite of the child should be evaluated by a specialist .

Parasites release toxins into the blood, waste products, which affect the whole body. It may be manifested by the following symptoms:

• increased irritability
• emotional instability
• fatigue, weakness
• sleep disturbance
• naughty child, bad mood
• poor school performance, impaired concentration

Parents should pay attention to these clinical manifestations, in order not to have a situation with a possible delay in diagnosis and treatment of helminthic invasion. Due to parasitism in the gut may occur malabsorption of vitamins, trace elements, developing the condition of anemia Anemia - when you do not have enough blood . Children on the background of anemia in helminthic infestations may be lagging behind in physical development, growth retardation. Parasites also contribute to increased sensitization child's body, which often manifests itself toxic and allergic reactions Allergic reactions: how to understand why you tickle in the throat   varying degrees of severity after another vaccination.

Worms cause exacerbation of existing chronic diseases. Also can develop diseases such as neurodermatitis, eczema Eczema - is difficult to treat , Psoriasis, acne Acne: facial trouble   and a number of other pathological processes. When skin manifestations of the child should be evaluated to rule out the presence of his parasites. Particularly noteworthy are the diseases in the child, who are treated for many years with no clinical effect recovery. If pursued therapy for diseases of the standard method does not have a positive outcome, it should first examine the child in terms of his possible presence of worms. The most commonly encountered in pediatric practice pinworm infection (or enterobiasis). This disease can cause infection of other family members as a result of the spread of the pathogen through the various items, so early diagnosis is a powerful preventive tool. Hygiene measures are in this respect in the first place to prevent the spread of enterobiasis.