The method of permanent contraception is better to choose a woman with the obstetrician-gynecologist. This can be considered as the preferences of the woman and her regular partner, and all possible contraindications for this or that method. The modern woman has to navigate the contraceptive methods, and at the same time to understand that without consulting a doctor herself in this issue is difficult to understand.

Types of non-hormonal contraception

Today, most women prefer a means of hormonal contraception. But they are not shown for all women. Contraindication to hormonal contraception are individual intolerance hormones, pregnancy and lactation Breast-feeding: feed - and no nails! , Severe diseases of internal organs in violation of their function, endocrine diseases, tumors, uterine bleeding, genital herpes.

In this case, to the aid of non-hormonal contraception. This physiological methods of contraception (natural contraception), male and female sterilization, mechanical and chemical methods of contraception.

Physiological methods of contraception

The most effective kind of physiological contraception is a calendar method based on a thorough analysis of the woman's menstrual cycle, the individual phases which are formed under the influence of various hormones.

Menstrual cycle - this time from the first day of this menstruation to the first day of the next menstrual period, which is divided into three phases:

• the phase of the first half of the cycle (1st day until the middle of the cycle) - in a woman's ovaries mature egg;
• ovulation (mid-cycle) - ripened egg is released from the ovary;
• phase of the second half of the cycle (since the ovulation cycle to end) - egg during this period no.

During ovulation (most women it occurs at 14-16 days of the menstrual cycle), some women feel short abdominal pain, increased libido and mucus Mucus - what is the norm for a healthy woman . Ovulation is the most favorable time for conception, this point can be accurately determined using a variety of techniques.

To use the physiological method of conception, the woman for six months - a year must record the date of the beginning and end of their menstrual cycles. Once this work is done, and allocate the shortest longest menstrual cycle, from which correspondingly consuming numbers 18 and 11. For example, the shortest cycle lasted 24 days, the longest - 32: 24-18 = 6; 32-11 = 21; This means that the risk of becoming pregnant woman will be with the 6 th to the 21 th day of the menstrual cycle The days of the menstrual cycle: Four phases .

The woman's menstrual cycle is the time of absolute and relative sterility. The absolute sterility of the time in two days of ovulation Ovulation - How to determine as accurately as possible?   until the end of the cycle - in the body there is no egg, so it is impossible to conceive. Relative sterility - this is the first half of the cycle when the egg yet. It is called relative because the sperm caught in this time in the body, it can wait until the egg (it preserves the viability of up to 6 days, with the egg while living day).

Female and male sterilization

This method of contraception is performed surgically. Today it is quite common in civilized countries, because it is completely reliable way to prevent pregnancy and do not cause complications. Sterilization may be subject to people over 35 who already have two children. It is carried out only at the request of the patient. This type of contraception is often used when a woman is contraindicated in pregnancy for health reasons.

During the surgery takes constriction of the fallopian tubes or the seed channel, then their ability to bear children is usually not recovered.

Physical and chemical methods of contraception

Physical methods of contraception are divided into barrier and intrauterine devices. By barrier methods of contraception include means producing a mechanical barrier to sperm, such as condoms and vaginal capsules. This popular means of contraception that are easy to use, does not have contraindications and do not only protect against pregnancy, but also from the many kinds of infections, sexually transmitted.

Intrauterine devices (IUDs) - a flexible plates of different shapes, which are introduced obstetrician-gynecologist in the woman's uterus for a long time to prevent pregnancy. The mechanism of action of the IUD is that after the introduction of the tool speed slows egg through the tubes and its introduction into the uterine lining. Also slows down the speed of advance of sperm into the uterus. IUD insertion is contraindicated nulliparous women with suspected tumors or inflammatory disease, uterine bleeding and other violations on the part of the female genital organs.

The methods include a variety of chemical contraception non-hormonal contraceptives for topical use, such as spermicides. Spermicides destroy shell sperm that leads to their death. For drugs in this series are farmateks, kontseptrol, Delphine, ortho, koromeks and others. They are produced in many forms, such as creams, vaginal suppositories, foams, films, tablets for topical use.

Methods of non-hormonal contraception is better to choose, along with the doctor, in this case, increases their reliability and safety.

Galina Romanenko

Late-term abortions is very risky and cause a lot of controversy in terms of morality, because the fetus at the time of termination of pregnancy is viable. Late considered abortion, which is done after the twentieth week of pregnancy (some experts call other times up to 24 weeks). Determine exactly what time to have an abortion can be considered later, it is not possible, since it depends not so much on the age of the fetus, how much of its vitality.

Usually within a few hours after the abortion, including late, the woman can go home. Late-term abortions are permitted only in exceptional cases - because of serious illness in the mother or the fetus, as well as social reasons.

Operations

There are several ways to do late-term abortions. The choice of method is made depending on the duration of pregnancy and the health of the mother.

• Expansion and removal

During this procedure, the cervix is ​​expanded fruit and removed by using the suction tube removed residual tissue. Typically, the procedure takes ten to twenty minutes, and in healthy patients does not cause complications. Bleeding after the abortion may last 14 days. Such an abortion in the second trimester.

• Expansion and extraction

The entire procedure takes two to three days. After the expansion of the cervix, the doctor inserts into the uterus of a special tool, which lacks the fruit by the foot, causing it to roll down the legs. Then take out of the fetus from the uterus, while the head remains inside. To deform the skull, the brain thereof was evacuated and only then the head can be removed. Usually this type of an abortion in the third trimester. Today, they do very rarely and only in exceptional cases where there is a threat to the life of the patient.

Evoke premature birth - a very painful and distressing for a woman to a procedure that is rarely used today. Woman gives birth to the fetus, sometimes still alive, but he did not provide assistance and he dies.

The reasons for late abortions

• The woman realizes that she is pregnant (for example, severe mental disorders).
• The woman was afraid to tell her parents or partner about their pregnancy and are therefore not had an abortion before.
• For some reason a woman has not had the opportunity before to the hospital and to have an abortion.
• Psychological trauma caused by, for example, the rupture of relations or rape, because of what she had an abortion before.
• Serious disease in the fetus.
• The threat to the health or life of the woman.

In late-term abortions could be serious consequences for physical health as well as for psychological. Before abortion patient should go through the following procedure:

• Confirmation of pregnancy.
• Preoperative assessment: conventional analyzes, determining the Rh factor Rh factor - still medical mystery , Hemoglobin levels Hemoglobin: worse - low or high? , The presence of infections and so on. Also analyzes the presence of allergy to anesthetics.

Counseling helps women cope with the psychological stress How to beat stress? Create an oasis   after an abortion. During the consultations, provide information about the procedure and the possible complications. Before abortion:

• The patient should be able to talk about their condition, both physically and psychologically.
• The patient should be informed about the different types of abortion, their advantages and disadvantages.
• Women should be given the opportunity to choose how exactly it will be to have an abortion.
• Women need to explain the risks and complications that can provide abortion.

After an abortion, the patient is placed in the recovery room and explain how to take care of yourself during the recovery period. She also prescribed examination by a doctor - usually within one to two weeks after surgery.

What you need to know about late abortions

• Like any surgery, it can cause serious complications.
• Late-term abortions can be very painful.
• Bleeding and cramps can last up to one week.
• In most countries, abortions are allowed only in exceptional cases, usually for medical reasons. Sometimes, late abortion can be allowed for social reasons - for example, if the mother already has several children and no steady income.
• Barring a late abortion for most women is not a violation of the right to dispose of his body, so the purpose of the ban - to protect the health and lives of women.
• There are three basic ways to have an abortion in the later stages: the introduction of liquid into the uterus, because of what the fetus dies, goes into labor, and the fruit comes out of the woman's body; artificial induction of labor and caesarean section small.
• Resolution of the late therapeutic abortion doctor gives you, the Social - a special commission. When deciding to take into account indicators such as the viability of the fetus.